Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In Alberta, the oil-sands industry plays an important role in the local economy. However, the industry consumes a large amount of water, which is not economical. Significant capital and operating costs have been invested by the oil industries in the treatment of this contaminated water every year. Our objective is to develop new treatment solutions for the removal of contaminants, particularly silica but also organics and some hardness, using electrocoagulation to enable increased water recycling while decreasing capital and operating costs. The treatment of oil sands produced water by electrocoagulation is explored and investigated in this research. The major contaminant targeted is dissolved silica, which is the cause of the scaling problem in the steam generators in the oil-sands production process. Electrocoagulation is found to be very efficient to remove dissolved Si from approximately 60 mg/L to less than 5 mg/L, corresponding to greater than 90% Si removal. In addition, removal of 90% of the calcium present, and 60% of the magnesium could be achieved. The effect of operating parameters on electrocoagulation performance were evaluated, including the anode materials (aluminum and iron), current density, inter-electrode distance, and dissolved oxygen. Current density of 8 mA/cm2 was found to be the most efficient and also economical compared to 4 and 16 mA/cm2. Increasing the inter-electrode distance results in lower contaminant removal and higher energy consumption. Dissolved oxygen is important for enhancement in Fe-EC. The current efficiencies for metal dissolution obtained with aluminum and iron electrodes materials, as well as their electrochemical behavior, was investigated. Fe-EC had current efficiencies between 90-95%, while Al-EC showed larger than 100% current efficiencies. Besides operating parameters, different electrochemical reactor designs were also tested. Experiments were carried out in system and flow recirculation systems. A novel concept of utilizing an oscillating anode in EC was tested with both batch and recirculating flow. The combination of a batch recirculating flow reactor and anode oscillation showed the best contaminant removal performance. Investigation of the viability of EC for oil sands industry applications such as oil-sands produced water and boiler blowdown water samples have also been carried out, and the Si removal efficiency is also promising compared to the synthetic produced water. The operating cost of our EC treatments is also in the lower range compared to the general EC operating costs.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».