Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract: The sauna is a dominant trait of Finnish culture. When Finnish immigrants settled in United States and Canada, they continued their tradition of taking saunas. Researchers have documented Finnish settlement, including presence and significance of saunas, in Cutover Region, Pacific Northwest, and prairies of Saskatchewan.Finns have shaped landscape and life in Hamlin County, South Dakota in similar ways. With a present-day concentrated population of Finnish-Americans still residing in Hamlin County, saunas continue to be built and enjoyed, showing continuity in cultural practice of taking saunas. This paper discusses Finnish sauna in eastern South Dakota as a significant element of material culture in landscape of past and present on rural farmsteads in Lake Norden, one of region's small towns. In addition to leaving a visible imprint on landscape, practices associated with sauna have shaped traditions for not only Finns, but other residents of region as well. With highest per capita of individuals reporting Finnish ancestry in South Dakota, Hamlin County continues to be shaped by historic tradition of Finnish sauna.Keywords: saunas, Finnish culture, South Dakota, landscapeIntroductionCultural landscapes consist of material features that tell stories of how places have changed over time. The material objects may be abandoned remnants such as pieces of a hay derrick indicating a time when haying required more laborers during horse-powered era. Other times, individuals or communities add chapters to story of material objects, such as an early twentieth century schoolhouse converted to an art studio and then a bed and breakfast. Whether abandoned or functional, features that make up cultural landscape are valuable items as they are cultural signatures that tell us a great deal about past and present people and their lifestyles, traditions, and values.The cultural landscape of Hamlin County, located in eastern South Dakota, has a distinct cultural signature that differentiates region from surrounding counties. Finnish immigrants, beginning in late nineteenth century, have had a significant role in shaping land and life throughout Hamlin County, particularly with their use of sauna.Hamlin County is rural by nearly all American standards. No stoplights exist in entire county. Agricultural activities dominate county's land use and economy. Fewer than 6,000 people call Hamlin County home. The county and its communities remain an area where change is relatively slow and traditions continue. Potluck dinners are held frequently for church events and community fundraisers. Parades and other festivities are attended primarily by locals, and people know history of majority of families residing in area. Another long-standing cultural tradition that continues, at least for one group, is Finnish sauna.All cultures possess both material and non-material traits with which they are associated, and sauna is a material trait associated with Finns. Use of sauna, sometimes known as a steam bath because of vapor that fills small room, is a dominant Finnish culture trait (Alanen 2004). The sauna has been called the sign of Finn (Van Cleef 1918, 210) and one of most apparent expressions of Finnish-American identity (Lockwood 1977; Alanen 2004). Whether Finns settled in forested lands of northern Minnesota, prairies of Saskatchewan, or on continents from South America to Australia, Finnish immigrants built saunas, indicating its importance in their everyday lives (Alanen 2010).When Finns first settled near Lake Poinsett followed by Lake Norden area of Hamlin County (Figure 1) beginning in 1878, they brought with them various cultural traits, such as language, religion, and building traditions. The sauna became most distinctive and longest lasting structure that Finns contributed to Hamlin County landscape. …
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,005 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».