Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract aim of the article is to share some ideas for teaching passivisation looking at some special cases and showing the danger of some `hard and fast rules' that we teachers sometimes tend to use in class. Therefore, the author deals with some constraints and makes some observations while handling the grammatical theme. He presents groups of verbs that might troublesome and gives some examples of how to supplement textbooks in the light of [L.sub.1] and the students' linguistic competence in [L.sub.2] to clarity any misleading concepts. To prepare a grammar class, teachers need to consult a variety of grammar reference books in order to establish how a structure is formed, when it is used, and whether there are any particular rules or exceptions governing its use. In sentences like the following: (a) Somebody has broken my bike. (b) My bike has been broken (by somebody) sentence (b) is derived from (a) by press of transformation. This process of transformation can symbolised in the following way: [N.sub.1] + [sub.transitive] + [N.sub.2] [right arrow] [N.sub.2] + + V.sub.Past Participle] (+ by [N.sub.1]) direct object ([N.sub.2]) in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive, the verbal form of the active sentence is replaced by the appropriate form of the auxiliary be plus the past participle of the verb, and then (optionally) the nominal ([N.sub.1] the subject in the active sentence may added in a prepositional phrase with by. In her English grammar reference book, Frank (1972, p.56) says of the passive: The active voice is used in making a straightforward statement about an action ... In the passive voice, the same action is referred to indirectly: that is, the original receiver of the action is the grammatical subject and the original doer of the action is the grammatical subject of a passive verb is the original object of an objective verb, only a transitive verb may used in the passive voice. From the fact that only sentences with transitive verbs can turned into the passive it must not inferred that any sentence with a transitive verb and a direct object can made passive. There are a few verbs which, although they occur with an object in the active, no corresponding passive form or transform. Thus the verb have (in most, though not all its uses) does not occur in the passive. I a big house in the country. A passive construction with occurs in a limited number of contexts: (a) obtained We had hoped to get some tea in the village, but there was none to had for love or money. (b) in the cliche: A good time was had by all. Some other verbs no passive transform: Alan wants to buy a new car. Red suits you. cannot turned into * You are suited by red. He resembles his father. * His father is resembled by him. verb marry cannot occur in the passive when it is used in the sense take to one's wedded wife (husband), but it often occurs in the passive when it means, officiate at the wedding of. She married an Irish man. cannot turned into * An Irish man was married by her. but They were married by a Catholic priest. is perfectly possible. In the following pair of sentences: 1. People speak both English and French in Canada. 2. My sister can speak both English and French. the first sentence has a passive form, but the second one would not occur in normal English. Both English and French are spoken in Canada. * Both English and French can spoken by my sister. Besides, instead of a transitive verb, we may a verb plus a preposition or an adverbial followed by a nominal: Nobody has slept in this bed for years. …
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».