Resisting Silences: Gender and Family Trauma in Eighteenth‐Century England
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Newdigates were happy in the summer of 1683.There were four children under five, including newborn Juliana and six older siblings between five and fifteen. 1 Sir Richard Newdigate's diary presents an idyllic time: eating cherries with his pregnant wife Mary; gorging on orchard fruit with his eldest son Richard; teaching Amphillis accounting; rounding up birds flying in the buttery; visiting friends and family; enjoying family meals and walks. 2 Twenty years later, the family disintegrated amid accusations of greed, madness and unspeakable acts.Newdigate's biographers link the breakdown to Lady Mary's death in 1692.3 Whatever the cause, the decline of such a contented family was tragic.The explanation Newdigate gave in his pamphlet, The Case of an Old Gentleman, Persecuted by His Own Son (1707), concentrates around four events.The first is a trip to France taken by Newdigate, accompanied by his eldest son, Richard and his sixth daughter, Elizabeth, in 1699.In Newdigate's absence, second son John looked after the estate and family.The second event was Richard and John's attempt to have their father committed as a lunatic in May 1701 -although they were initially successful, Newdigate had the committal overturned.The third event was a petition to the House of Lords in February 1702 by four of the daughters (Amphillis, Jane, Elizabeth and Juliana) asking for relief from their father's cruel severities.The fourth event was the Family Settlement of March 1702, which divided property and money among the children and gave guardianship of Amphillis, Jane, Elizabeth and Juliana to their maternal uncle.In his pamphlet and account books, Newdigate blamed his eldest sons, Richard and John, for the family problems.His published story insisted on his daughters' innocence, but other records indicate conflicted relationships with Amphillis, Frances, Elizabeth, Juliana and Jane.The remaining children -Mary, Anne, Frank and Gilbert -were faultless through absence (marriage or school) or illness.4 Newdigate's story is oblique on matters that reflected badly on his patriarchal control.He does not mention that his second-eldest daughter, Frances (Lady Sedley), eloped in 1695 (aged eighteen).Similar evasiveness is evident with regard to Amphillis, committed as a lunatic in 1706 (aged thirty-seven), and the 'lunacy' from which Gilbert suffered by 1702 (aged twenty-eight).5 Newdigate discussed these instances only to
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,007 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,034 | 0,028 |
| Communication savante | 0,009 | 0,008 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,010 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,004 | 0,008 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,008 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».