Resisting Silences: Gender and Family Trauma in Eighteenth‐Century England
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Newdigates were happy in the summer of 1683.There were four children under five, including newborn Juliana and six older siblings between five and fifteen. 1 Sir Richard Newdigate's diary presents an idyllic time: eating cherries with his pregnant wife Mary; gorging on orchard fruit with his eldest son Richard; teaching Amphillis accounting; rounding up birds flying in the buttery; visiting friends and family; enjoying family meals and walks. 2 Twenty years later, the family disintegrated amid accusations of greed, madness and unspeakable acts.Newdigate's biographers link the breakdown to Lady Mary's death in 1692.3 Whatever the cause, the decline of such a contented family was tragic.The explanation Newdigate gave in his pamphlet, The Case of an Old Gentleman, Persecuted by His Own Son (1707), concentrates around four events.The first is a trip to France taken by Newdigate, accompanied by his eldest son, Richard and his sixth daughter, Elizabeth, in 1699.In Newdigate's absence, second son John looked after the estate and family.The second event was Richard and John's attempt to have their father committed as a lunatic in May 1701 -although they were initially successful, Newdigate had the committal overturned.The third event was a petition to the House of Lords in February 1702 by four of the daughters (Amphillis, Jane, Elizabeth and Juliana) asking for relief from their father's cruel severities.The fourth event was the Family Settlement of March 1702, which divided property and money among the children and gave guardianship of Amphillis, Jane, Elizabeth and Juliana to their maternal uncle.In his pamphlet and account books, Newdigate blamed his eldest sons, Richard and John, for the family problems.His published story insisted on his daughters' innocence, but other records indicate conflicted relationships with Amphillis, Frances, Elizabeth, Juliana and Jane.The remaining children -Mary, Anne, Frank and Gilbert -were faultless through absence (marriage or school) or illness.4 Newdigate's story is oblique on matters that reflected badly on his patriarchal control.He does not mention that his second-eldest daughter, Frances (Lady Sedley), eloped in 1695 (aged eighteen).Similar evasiveness is evident with regard to Amphillis, committed as a lunatic in 1706 (aged thirty-seven), and the 'lunacy' from which Gilbert suffered by 1702 (aged twenty-eight).5 Newdigate discussed these instances only to
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.034 | 0.028 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".