Better understanding the hydrology of peri-urban ephemeral pools serving as habitats for the Western Chorus Frog
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ephemeral (vernal) pools are small hydrologically isolated wetlands found in a large variety of environments across the world. They provide breeding habitats for amphibians during their spring and early summer period of hydrological activity. Because of their small size and intermittent nature, many questions remain unanswered about their hydrology and concerning best strategies to improve their resilience to human activities and climate change. In the peri-urban area around Montreal City (Monteregie region, Quebec, Canada), ephemeral pools are habitats to the endangered Western Chorus Frog. In an attempt to protect the remaining population and to improve the reproductive success of these frogs, a study was funded by the Quebec Ministry of forest, fauna and parks to understand the processes driving pool hydrology and especially pool hydroperiod (length of hydrologically active period after snowmelt). Fourty-eight pools located in forested, agricultural and low-density housing developments were monitored for water levels since 2015. Seven of these pools were fully characterized for bathymetry and geology (field measurements), groundwater levels (hourly monitoring) and drainage area (LiDAR data). The pools are located on relatively flat land, in shallow irregular basins within generally low permeability Quaternary sediments. The pools hold relatively small volumes of water, with maximum annual water depths between 0.2 and 1.1 m (observed in April or May). Their areas vary between 100 and 5000 m2. The hydrologically active periods after snowmelt (starting after the last frost when mean temperature > 5°C over five days and ending when the pool is dry) vary between 15 and 150 days. At some sites, the hydroperiods were shorter than the required length for reproductive success of the Western Chorus Frog, which could explain the population decline. These short hydroperiods appear to be linked to the presence of human impacts in the pool vicinity. Water level reactions after precipitation are indications that pool hydrology is influenced by a relatively small contributing area rather than by their apparent drainage area (ratio Δh/rain < 4). Head gradients between water levels in the nearby sediments and pool water levels underline the role of the shallow groundwater in maintaining humid conditions in the pools and in reactivating the pools during the summer. Simple water budget models confirm this groundwater input and show that surface and hypodermic runoff is the main water source to the pools. The models show that, pool hydroperiods will start earlier under a changing climate, because of warmer winters, but will not necessarily be longer due to higher temperatures and increased evapotranspiration. The models will be used to estimate the effects of human interventions (e.g. drainage, residential) on pool hydroperiods, thus contributing to plan pool protection strategies that could help protect the Western Chorus Frog.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».