Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study
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Résumé
BACKGROUND: Many causes of vision impairment can be prevented or treated. With an ageing global population, the demands for eye health services are increasing. We estimated the prevalence and relative contribution of avoidable causes of blindness and vision impairment globally from 1990 to 2020. We aimed to compare the results with the World Health Assembly Global Action Plan (WHA GAP) target of a 25% global reduction from 2010 to 2019 in avoidable vision impairment, defined as cataract and undercorrected refractive error. METHODS: We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based surveys of eye disease from January, 1980, to October, 2018. We fitted hierarchical models to estimate prevalence (with 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) of moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity from <6/18 to 3/60) and blindness (<3/60 or less than 10° visual field around central fixation) by cause, age, region, and year. Because of data sparsity at younger ages, our analysis focused on adults aged 50 years and older. FINDINGS: Global crude prevalence of avoidable vision impairment and blindness in adults aged 50 years and older did not change between 2010 and 2019 (percentage change -0·2% [95% UI -1·5 to 1·0]; 2019 prevalence 9·58 cases per 1000 people [95% IU 8·51 to 10·8], 2010 prevalence 96·0 cases per 1000 people [86·0 to 107·0]). Age-standardised prevalence of avoidable blindness decreased by -15·4% [-16·8 to -14·3], while avoidable MSVI showed no change (0·5% [-0·8 to 1·6]). However, the number of cases increased for both avoidable blindness (10·8% [8·9 to 12·4]) and MSVI (31·5% [30·0 to 33·1]). The leading global causes of blindness in those aged 50 years and older in 2020 were cataract (15·2 million cases [9% IU 12·7-18·0]), followed by glaucoma (3·6 million cases [2·8-4·4]), undercorrected refractive error (2·3 million cases [1·8-2·8]), age-related macular degeneration (1·8 million cases [1·3-2·4]), and diabetic retinopathy (0·86 million cases [0·59-1·23]). Leading causes of MSVI were undercorrected refractive error (86·1 million cases [74·2-101·0]) and cataract (78·8 million cases [67·2-91·4]). INTERPRETATION: Results suggest eye care services contributed to the observed reduction of age-standardised rates of avoidable blindness but not of MSVI, and that the target in an ageing global population was not reached. FUNDING: Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Théa, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation, Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg.
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La notice
- Revue
- The Lancet Global Health
- Thématique
- Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies
- Domaine
- Medicine
- Établissements canadiens
- University of Waterloo
- Organismes subventionnaires
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesSistema Nacional de InvestigadoresNational Health and Medical Research CouncilWolkite UniversityAdigrat UniversityPan American Health OrganizationMoorfields Eye CharityResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de SinaloaUniversiti Sultan Zainal AbidinMoorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of ThessalyUniversity of GondarMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyAristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversitas IndonesiaUnited Arab Emirates UniversityInternational Medical UniversityXiamen UniversityBahir Dar UniversityImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal UniversityUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMahatma Gandhi UniversityUniversidade de São PauloShiraz UniversityUniversidade do MinhoHaramaya UniversityHamadan University of Medical SciencesInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliUniversity of CreteUniversity Of Nigeria NsukkaShiraz University of Medical SciencesJohns Hopkins UniversityMinistry of Health and Medical EducationAin Shams UniversityWestern Sydney UniversityBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungUniversität HeidelbergSingapore Eye Research InstituteĐại học Quốc gia Hà NộiMashhad University of Medical SciencesAn-Najah National UniversityPublic Health EnglandPublic Health Foundation of IndiaUniversity College LondonIndian Council of Medical ResearchNational Heart Foundation of AustraliaSecretaria Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaResearch to Prevent BlindnessSeoul National University HospitalRajshahi UniversityJawaharlal Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchQueen's University BelfastUniversity of Central PunjabTrường Đại học Nguyễn Tất ThànhShahroud University of Medical SciencesMedical Research CouncilUniversity of CalcuttaDuke-NUS Medical SchoolFred Hollows FoundationFight for SightTrường Đại học Duy TânUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeBill and Melinda Gates FoundationUniversità degli Studi di MilanoIran University of Medical SciencesNational Eye InstituteNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchKing's College LondonBrien Holden Vision InstituteInternational Glaucoma AssociationNational Institutes of HealthSemnan UniversityTehran University of Medical Sciences and Health ServicesAnglia Ruskin UniversityUniversity of UtahUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanBabol University of Medical SciencesYork UniversityU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationUniverzita Karlova v PrazeUniversidade do PortoSeoul National UniversitySecretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e InnovaciónUniversity of PennsylvaniaU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesMassachusetts Eye and EarSightsavers InternationalQueen's UniversityHarvard UniversityDivision of Human Resource DevelopmentHamad Medical CorporationMiddlesex UniversityBournemouth UniversityAlexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Mots-clés
- Visual impairmentMedicinePopulationVisual acuityMacular degenerationBlindnessOptometryOphthalmologyEnvironmental healthPsychiatry
- Résumé présent dans OpenAlex
- oui