Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Report LEDs and the worldwide market for connected lighting, now at its XII edition, is structured in 9 chapters. The Report provides in the first chapter estimated data on consumption of total lighting and LED-based lighting for the years 2014-2020 and forecasts for the years 2021-2024. After an analysis of world trade of lighting fixtures and lamps (second chapter) a quantification in volume of main products and reference prices is provided. Products considered include: downlights, recessed, spotlights, lamps, panels, strips, linear lighting, decorative luminaires, suspensions, wall washers, high bays, steps and bollards, outdoor projectors, pole mounted (third chapter). An analysis of main destination segments follows (fourth chapter): Residential/Consumer, Hospitality, Retail, Office, Institutional, Healthcare, Art & Museum, Industrial, Hazardous environment, Architectural outdoor lighting, Street and Tunnel lighting. Estimated stock of LED lighting and connected items is also provided. Follow an analysis of distribution channels (projects, specialists, lifestyle, DIY, wholesalers, e-commerce) and profitability (EBITDA, ROE, ROA) for 100 players (chapters five and six). Chapter 7 shows market shares of top 50 players for LED Lighting as a whole, and by segment: Residential and Hospitality, Office/Healthcare/public premises, Retail/Entertainment/Art Venues, Industrial, Residential/Architectural outdoor, Street/Area/Tunnel lighting. Chapter 8 shows market shares of top 50 players in the LED lighting arena by geographic area: Europe, Russia/Turkey and CIS Countries, North America, Central-South America, China, India, Japan, Asia Pacific, Middle East and Africa A note on main suppliers of LED packaged and chips, LED drivers and modules is provided as chapter 9. Research tools: 200 interviews with manufacturers and retailers of lighting fixtures worldwide, trade data, balance-sheets, IP patents, geolocalization, web analysis and 30-years of CSIL experience in the Lighting sector. The geographical classification of the 70 monitored countries is as follows: North America: Canada, Mexico and the United States; Central and South America: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Venezuela; European Union (27) + United Kingdom, Norway and Switzerland: Austria, Belgium (including Luxembourg), Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom; Russia, Serbia, Turkey and CIS Countries: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, Ukraine; China; India; Japan; Asia Pacific; Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam; Middle East and Africa: Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates; CONSIDERED SEGMENTS AND PRODUCTS. Residential/Consumer lighting fixtures includes indoor products such as floor and table lighting, suspensions, chandeliers, wall lighting, but also spot lights or downlights when used for application in the house. Residential outdoor is aggregated in the Outdoor segment and should account not much more than 5% on a total (indoor+outdoor) residential lighting market; Commercial/Architectural lighting fixtures includes indoor products for Hospitality (hotels, restaurants.), Offices, Shops ( big box , luxury), museums and other places of entertainment, Institutions and big infrastructures (schools, airports…), including downlights, low and high voltage spotlights and professional projectors, decorative lighting with size or other characteristics designed for markets like hotels, shops, offices, restaurants; Industrial lighting fixtures includes indoor products for industrial plants, warehouses, weather resistant and explosion-proof lighting, emergency lighting, marine and healthcare lighting; Outdoor lighting fixtures includes garden lighting and architectural lighting for common spaces in residential building (together as Residential ), architectural lighting for city centres ( city beautification ), street lighting and lighting for major roads (pole mounted), lighting for tunnels and galleries, campus/area lighting (sporting plants, petrol stations, and other large area spaces), Christmas and special events lighting; Lamps.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,007 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,102 | 0,016 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».