Characteristic Properties of the Treated By-Product of Oil Shale Ash
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The oil sand waste comes about oil production for demand on energy in Canada. Yet, there is not value added economic profit in its reuse, recycle, and upcycling process. Since there are heat and pressure in the happening of the oil sand in the ground layers and it has the mineral solid between 83% and 88%, its waste is strongly possible to show the latent hydraulic activity, like marble powder, on such materials as cement, concrete, mortar, lime, and stucco etc. Thus, it has much value than we think. In regard to production technique of oil in Canada where is the 3rd largest oil producer and has the 3rd largest oil deposit, including 169 billion barrels of oil sand reserve (97% of whole reserve), in the world, there is two important methods. One of them is known as the drilling method, either in-situ method or Steam Assissted Gravity Drainage (the SAGD). The SAGD is used to draw in the oil deposit if the oil is under the ground surface where is much deeper than 70 (m). Second method, that is known the surface mining (the SM), is useful for drawing in the oil deposit if the oil is under the ground surface where is not much deeper than 70 (m). After oil production, there are ponds that are toxic and contain the residue of oil sand. With its reuse and its recycle to economy and its upcycling through new waste disposal methods, such as the replacement of its fine powder with cement in the manufacturing of cement based materials and/or the replacement of its coarse and fine particle with aggregate in the manufacturing of cement based materials and/or the blending of its fine powder in the mixing of fresh cement based materials as the latent hydraulic additive material and/or using the oil sand waste as raw material in the binder manufacturing directly. The most simple method is to selling the oil sand waste as raw material to cement manufacturer after its bitumen extracted wholly. The tested methods are the fineness, the SEM observation, the EDS, and the ICP-MS as well as comprehensive information about production technique of oil sand waste and its econmic value in the study. Additionally, to extract the bitumen from oil sand wholly, a new method containing a distill process was suggested. It is possibly concluded that the oil sand waste (the OSW) could be grinded until it is finer than 3 (μm), the OSW comes about 85% silicon di oxide (SiO2), various geometric and amorphous shapes, and contains the chromium (Cr), the cadmium (Cd), the arsenic (As), and the lithium (Li). Keywords : Oil shale ash; Economic value; Production technique; Oil shle ash-cement; Physical properties; Mechanical properties; Fineness; SEM+EDS; ICP-MS
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».