Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Bulat Rakhimzianov. Kasimovskoe khanstvo (1445-1552gg.). Ocherki istorii. Kazan': Tatar, kn. izd-vo, 2009. 207 pp. Illustrations. Bibliography. Cloth.This study is timely-a first on its subject, after almost one and a half centuries since Vladimir Vel'iaminov-Zernov's monumental examination of Kasimov khanate. Bulat Rakhimzianov uses whole categories of Russian sources that were not accessible to his predecessor, in particular materials on economic and social life as well as diplomatic sources little studied before with regard to Kasimov. He builds on general investigations of Tatars within Russia and discusses studies in Western languages.Despite subject's lengthy dormant state, Kasimov khanate is a very rewarding object of scrutiny, for it provides an important case study of pre-history of Muscovite multi-ethnic empire. Rakhimzianov offers a new interpretation of these early stages. Earlier investigators highlighted functionality of Kasimov khanate, which allowed Moscow to influence internal politics of khanates in Kazan', Astrakhan', and Sibir' and finally to absorb them, citing tranquil life and unimpeded religious practice of Tatars within Russia, particularly in Kasimov, to counter claims by Muslim co-religionists. Vel'iaminov-Zernov and his many followers took it for granted that Moscow founded such an asset all by itself, to attract Tatar emigres and shield settled area around Moscow. However, Rakhimzianov's investigation of Kasimov's origins demonstrates that there could be no voluntary action on part of Moscow, as Vasilii II the Blind was prisoner of Ulug-Mukhammed, father of first sultan, Kasim. Vasilii was subsequently released, for a huge ransom which raised stakes in following internal Muscovite war. In 1920s, M. G. Khudiakov connected this ransom to foundation of Kasimov, but his grasp of sources was superficial, assuming that khan of Kazan' and Vasilii II signed a treaty. This notion lacks any foundation and contradicts Vasilii's oath of allegiance to former Khan of Golden or Great Horde, Ulug Mukhammed, who by time of battle of Suzdal' and peace of 1445 had been toppled and exiled, but regrouped in Kazan' in order to regain his former throne. Therefore, there could be no formal written treaty since it would have required two independent sides. It is Rakhimzianov's conviction that beyond well-documented ransom in money, an oral agreement between khan and his prisoner was basis for foundation of Kasimov. This claim is based on circumstantial evidence strength of which determines its status.Rakhimzianov's findings embed story of foundation of Kasimov much more concisely than earlier interpretations did. …
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,246 | 0,170 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».