Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bulat Rakhimzianov. Kasimovskoe khanstvo (1445-1552gg.). Ocherki istorii. Kazan': Tatar, kn. izd-vo, 2009. 207 pp. Illustrations. Bibliography. Cloth.This study is timely-a first on its subject, after almost one and a half centuries since Vladimir Vel'iaminov-Zernov's monumental examination of Kasimov khanate. Bulat Rakhimzianov uses whole categories of Russian sources that were not accessible to his predecessor, in particular materials on economic and social life as well as diplomatic sources little studied before with regard to Kasimov. He builds on general investigations of Tatars within Russia and discusses studies in Western languages.Despite subject's lengthy dormant state, Kasimov khanate is a very rewarding object of scrutiny, for it provides an important case study of pre-history of Muscovite multi-ethnic empire. Rakhimzianov offers a new interpretation of these early stages. Earlier investigators highlighted functionality of Kasimov khanate, which allowed Moscow to influence internal politics of khanates in Kazan', Astrakhan', and Sibir' and finally to absorb them, citing tranquil life and unimpeded religious practice of Tatars within Russia, particularly in Kasimov, to counter claims by Muslim co-religionists. Vel'iaminov-Zernov and his many followers took it for granted that Moscow founded such an asset all by itself, to attract Tatar emigres and shield settled area around Moscow. However, Rakhimzianov's investigation of Kasimov's origins demonstrates that there could be no voluntary action on part of Moscow, as Vasilii II the Blind was prisoner of Ulug-Mukhammed, father of first sultan, Kasim. Vasilii was subsequently released, for a huge ransom which raised stakes in following internal Muscovite war. In 1920s, M. G. Khudiakov connected this ransom to foundation of Kasimov, but his grasp of sources was superficial, assuming that khan of Kazan' and Vasilii II signed a treaty. This notion lacks any foundation and contradicts Vasilii's oath of allegiance to former Khan of Golden or Great Horde, Ulug Mukhammed, who by time of battle of Suzdal' and peace of 1445 had been toppled and exiled, but regrouped in Kazan' in order to regain his former throne. Therefore, there could be no formal written treaty since it would have required two independent sides. It is Rakhimzianov's conviction that beyond well-documented ransom in money, an oral agreement between khan and his prisoner was basis for foundation of Kasimov. This claim is based on circumstantial evidence strength of which determines its status.Rakhimzianov's findings embed story of foundation of Kasimov much more concisely than earlier interpretations did. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.246 | 0.170 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".