Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The choroid is the part of the uvea located in the posterior part of the eyeball, between the retina and the sclera.It is one of the most vascularized tissues in the body.The choroid is responsible for over 70% of all blood flow in the eye [1].The amount of blood flowing in the choroid in the macular region is as much as seven times greater than in the peripheral part of the retina [1].While the inner part of the retina (outside the macular region) is supplied by the vascular system originating from the central retinal artery, the vascular system of the retina's outer layers comes from the ciliary vessels of the uvea.The choroid provides nutrients and removes metabolic products from the external -the most functionally relevant -part of the retina, and the entire central part of the macula, the so-called foveal avascular zone (FAZ), covering an area of 250-600 µm.The choroid also plays an important role in the process of vision itself.Its melanocytes absorb photons of light scattered inside the eyeball and the intense blood flow helps remove heat from the phototransduction metabolism.The following structures can be distinguished in the histological structure of the choroid: Bruch's membrane adjacent to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and three vascular layers: the inner layer of choriocapillaries, the middle Sattler's layer and the outer Haller's layer.The choriocapillaries are a dense network of capillaries, adjacent to Bruch's membrane.This layer is about 10 µm thick in the fovea, where the density of the vessels is the highest, and about 7 µm thick at the edges of the macula.The choriocapillary endothelium has numerous fenestrations, especially on the retinal side, which facilitates the directional flow of oxygen and nutrients from the choroid to the RPE [2].Their high permeability to proteins also contributes to the formation of high oncotic pressure in the extravascular stroma, which promotes the flow of substances from the retina to the choroid.Such fenestrations were not found in the endothelium of larger choroidal vessels.The polarity of the choriocapillary layer is also clear with respect to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors.The VEGF-1 and VEGF-2 receptors are mainly located in the vicinity of Bruch's membrane.Below the choriocapillary layer, there is an area of medium and small arteries, belonging to Sattler's layer, followed by large blood vessels of Haller's layer.The extravascular cavity contains collagen and elastic fibers, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and numerous, very large melanocytes.As in other types of connective tissue, mast cells, macrophages, lymphocytes and plasmocytes are also found here.From the outside, the cho- ABSTRACTThe choroid is one of the most vascularized tissues in the body, responsible for over 70% of the blood flow in the eye.Choroid status seems to be a decisive factor in the pathogenesis of diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, central serous retinopathy, degenerative myopia, retinal vasculitis and some neoplastic diseases.However, traditional imaging methods, including indocyanine green angiography, ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), do not allow for the exact visualization of its structure.Until recently, the knowledge about choroid morphology was based mainly on post-mortem examinations.Only the application of novel modifications to the OCT technique, including enhanced depth imaging OCT (EDI-OCT), swept source OCT (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography, enabled its better visualization and examination.The increasing availability of these technologies enables fast, repeatable and non-invasive measurements of choroid thickness in everyday clinical practice.The correlation between new anatomical discoveries and functional results may make it possible to broaden the knowledge about pathogenesis of numerous eye diseases and even define new disease units.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,008 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,005 | 0,005 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,005 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,111 | 0,101 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».