FIRST REPORT OF IMPATIENS NECROTIC SPOT VIRUS INFECTING ISOTOMA AXILLARIS LIDT.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Isotoma axillaris Lidt. (sin. Laurentia axillaris; also known as blue stars or rock isotome) is a perennial species of Campanulaceae native to Australia, typically cultivated as annual in Liguria region. Leaves are ovate or obvate in outline, with pinnatified lamina; solitary flowers bloom in April-May at the leaf axils. In 2011, severe symptoms resembling those caused by tospoviruses occurred in an ornamental farm located at Albenga area (Savona). Small necrotic concentric rings and necrosis of leaf lamina were present in almost 7% of plot blooming plants grown outdoors. Twenty symptomatic plants collected during inspections were maintained in insect-proof greenhouse at Bologna University. Virus was isolated by mechanical transmission to Chenopodiaceae species. Symptomatic I. axillaris was negative for Tomato spotted wilt virus and positive for Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) in DAS-ELISA tests. To further confirm the presence of INSV, total RNA was extracted and used for RT-PCR. Nucleotide sequences obtained were found to be closely related to published sequences (98% nucleotide identity with INSV available under GenBank Accession Nos DQ523598, L20886, AB109100, and L20885). To now, INSV has been found in 1991 naturally infecting I. fluviatilis (sin. L. fluviatilis), another species of Isotoma, weed in Canada. Our finding is thought to be the first report of natural occurrence of INSV in I. axillaris. Investigations of the ornamental farm looking for thrips vector of INSV were performed and many populations were found, suggesting that thrips are the main responsible for INSV spreading as well as increasing of its natural hosts. \n \nFIRST REPORT OF HOSTA VIRUS X (HVX) INFECTING HOSTA IN ITALY \n \nBellardi M.G.1, Cavicchi L.2 and Davino S.3 \n \n 1 DiSTA-Patologia Vegetale, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy. \n 2 Plesso Didattico G. Scarabelli, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Viale G. Ascari 17, 40026 Imola, Bologna, Italy. \n3 SENFIMIZO, Sez. di Patologia Vegetale e Microbiologia agraria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze edificio 5, 90128 Palermo, Italy. \n E-mail: mariagrazia.bellardi@unibo.it \n \nSpecies of Hosta (Liliaceae) are herbaceous perennials more often grown for their foliage (blue, gold, green or variegated) then for their flowers. Virus diseases reported elsewhere in the word on cultivated hosta species include Hosta virus X (HVX), first described in USA in 1996, and considered to be the main pathogen of this genus. In October of 2010, the following systemic virus-like symptoms were observed on leaves of three varieties cultivated in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) (“Gold Standard”, “Sum and Substance” and “Whirlwind”): irregular green blotched scattered in the yellow lamina, green bands running along the veins having an “ink-bleeding” look, malformations, different leaf thickness. Electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of virus particles ca. 560-600 nm in length, which in ISEM and PAS-ELISA tests clearly reacted with the antiserum to HVX (provided by University of Minnesota, MN, USA). Mechanical inoculations carried out using symptomatic hosta leaf sap made it possible to transmit HVX to Chenopodium murale L. (necrotic pin-point lesions) and Gomphrena globosa L. (necrotic red spots 2-3 mm in size). By applying RT-PCR with specific primers HVXCP+ 5’-ATGGCAAGTGACGCACCAACTCCACC-3’ and HVXCP- 5’- TCAACTTGAGCCTTCCGGG-3’ that amplified a fragment of 663 nt based on the coat protein gene, HVX appeared closely related to polish isolate FJ821705 (98% nucleotide identity). To prevent HVX spread it is important to minimize mechanic contact between plantlets during cultivation, and immediately remove those showing visible virus-like symptoms. Considering that two of the infected varieties tested have been imported from Holland, certified virus-free propagation material must...
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».