The Significant Insignificance of International Sport in a Global Crisis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The inherent socio-political tension of sport -that it simultaneously matters and doesn't matter -is never more apparent than in times of global turmoil such as the current COVID-19 crisis.Since mid-March, football (soccer) stadiums have been shuttered, major tennis and golf tournaments cancelled, auto racing and cycling events postponed, and professional leagues in North America put on hold.One week after Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach suggested that an on-schedule Summer Olympics in July 2020 could serve as a source of healing and a symbol of human resilience during the global crisis, 1 Canada's public declaration to refuse participation in the Tokyo Games made headlines around the world. 2 A day later, with pressure mounting from within and beyond the athletic realm, Abe announced a one-year delay to the Tokyo Olympics. Non-essential Sports and the Spread of COVID-19With the rapid proliferation of the coronavirus, it only made sense that such non-essential sporting events -which draw massive interregional, sometimes international, crowds and require close interaction among athletes -be, at the very least, suspended.Yet most sport leagues and competitions, like the Olympics, delayed implementing full measures to restrict the transmission of COVID-19.Italy's top professional football league played on until March 10, when the rapidly rising death tolls in Northern Italy forced its suspension.Pan-European football tournaments (e.g., Champions League) and domestic competitions (e.g., the United Kingdom's Premier League) persisted until Mikel Arteta, manager of London-based Arsenal, tested positive for COVID-19 on March 12.In North America, both the National Basketball Association (NBA) and National Hockey League (NHL) continued play in packed arenas, while Major League Baseball (MLB) clubs' pre-season preparations carried on as usual in the sunny retirement and spring-break destinations of Florida and Arizona.When professional basketball player Rudy Gobert tested positive for COVID-19 on March 11, the NBA immediately halted play, with the NHL and MLB quickly following suit.High-profile sport's role in the early days of COVID-19 reflect, in part, the significance of mere games in broader social terms, for better and worse.A Champions League football match on February 19 between the Italian club Atalanta and Spain's Valencia is now described as "Game Zero" by medical officials.Almost 2,500 Valencia followers joined nearly 40,000 Atalanta supporters in Milan to create the perfect conditions for a "biological bomb." 3 The deadly spread of the virus across Northern Italy and into Spain, experts conclude, was significantly accelerated by this interregional mass of people converging simply to watch men kick a ball around a field.4 1 Motoko Rich, Matthew Futterman and Tariq Panja, "I.O.C. and Japan agree to postpone Tokyo Olympics," The New York Times,
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,006 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,019 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».