Bibliographic record
Abstract
The inherent socio-political tension of sport -that it simultaneously matters and doesn't matter -is never more apparent than in times of global turmoil such as the current COVID-19 crisis.Since mid-March, football (soccer) stadiums have been shuttered, major tennis and golf tournaments cancelled, auto racing and cycling events postponed, and professional leagues in North America put on hold.One week after Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and International Olympic Committee (IOC) President Thomas Bach suggested that an on-schedule Summer Olympics in July 2020 could serve as a source of healing and a symbol of human resilience during the global crisis, 1 Canada's public declaration to refuse participation in the Tokyo Games made headlines around the world. 2 A day later, with pressure mounting from within and beyond the athletic realm, Abe announced a one-year delay to the Tokyo Olympics. Non-essential Sports and the Spread of COVID-19With the rapid proliferation of the coronavirus, it only made sense that such non-essential sporting events -which draw massive interregional, sometimes international, crowds and require close interaction among athletes -be, at the very least, suspended.Yet most sport leagues and competitions, like the Olympics, delayed implementing full measures to restrict the transmission of COVID-19.Italy's top professional football league played on until March 10, when the rapidly rising death tolls in Northern Italy forced its suspension.Pan-European football tournaments (e.g., Champions League) and domestic competitions (e.g., the United Kingdom's Premier League) persisted until Mikel Arteta, manager of London-based Arsenal, tested positive for COVID-19 on March 12.In North America, both the National Basketball Association (NBA) and National Hockey League (NHL) continued play in packed arenas, while Major League Baseball (MLB) clubs' pre-season preparations carried on as usual in the sunny retirement and spring-break destinations of Florida and Arizona.When professional basketball player Rudy Gobert tested positive for COVID-19 on March 11, the NBA immediately halted play, with the NHL and MLB quickly following suit.High-profile sport's role in the early days of COVID-19 reflect, in part, the significance of mere games in broader social terms, for better and worse.A Champions League football match on February 19 between the Italian club Atalanta and Spain's Valencia is now described as "Game Zero" by medical officials.Almost 2,500 Valencia followers joined nearly 40,000 Atalanta supporters in Milan to create the perfect conditions for a "biological bomb." 3 The deadly spread of the virus across Northern Italy and into Spain, experts conclude, was significantly accelerated by this interregional mass of people converging simply to watch men kick a ball around a field.4 1 Motoko Rich, Matthew Futterman and Tariq Panja, "I.O.C. and Japan agree to postpone Tokyo Olympics," The New York Times,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".