Evaluation of a Dual Tank Indirect Solar-Assisted Heat Pump System for a High Performance House
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This work focused on the design and evaluation of an integrated mechanical system, which incorporated a dual tank indirect solar-assisted heat pump, that offsets spaceheating, cooling, and domestic hot water loads for a high performance house. A model of the system was developed to investigate the effects of various parameters on the performance of the system. These parameters included the tank configurations, the solar collector size and orientation, and heat pump size and controls. In addition, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the heat pump load side flow rate, the heat pump performance, and the thermal stratification in the storage tank. The experimental results indicated that the coefficient of performance of the heat pump reduced with lower flow rates. However, lower flow rates could result in higher temperature rises across the condenser and greater levels of the stratification which could improve the overall performance of the system by reducing the auxiliary energy consumption. Results from the modelling and experimental work were compared and the experimental results were used to improve the heat pump performance map that was used in the simulations. The simulation results showed that the system could achieve a free energy fraction of 0.506 (neglecting energy draws from circulation pumps and fans) for space-heating, cooling, and domestic hot water. This result suggests that the system does have the potential of reducing energy consumption in the residential sector in Canada. Thermal loss coefficient dependency on the collector temperatures (kJ/hm 2 K 2 ) V Volumetric flow rate (L/min) VGR Gravimetric flow rate (L/min) x Distance between nodes in the storage tank (m) xix Authors SAHP Set-up Performance Bertram, Prisch, and Tepe [27] Configurations: 3 systems involving flat plate collectors, borehole heat exchanger (BHE) and a heat pump Heat Pump: 7.9 kW Collector Type: Flat plate Energy Storage: 150 L without solar and 300 L with solar Loads: DHW and space-heating (floor area of 140 m 2 ) Climate: Strasbourg, France SPF (concept 1): about 3.8 to 4.0 with BHE of 110 m and collector area between 5 m 2 and 15 m 2 SPF (concept 2): 4.95 and 5.21 for 5 m 2 and 10 m 2 of collector area, respectively and BHE of 110 m SPF (concept 3): about 4.8 with a 5 m 2 collector area and 110 m BHE SF : 65% with 5 m 2 of collectors (for DHW) Tamasauskas, Poirer, Zmeureanu, and Suny [28] Configurations: Indirect system with an ice slurry in a tank Collector Type: Flat plate Collector Area: 65.67 m 2 Collector Orientation: Tilt of 65.625E nergy Storage: 32.05 m 3 solar thermal tank and 1.5 m 3 warm water tank Loads: DHW and space-heating (floor area of 186 m 2 ) Climate: Montreal, Quebec SPF : 8.22 SF : 0.88 COP of the Heat Pump: 4.03 with the design evaporator inlet temperature at 0 and condenser inlet temperature of 20 Collector Efficiency: 0.43 (seasonal) Sterling and Collins [29, 30] Configurations: Dual tank indirect system and solar-side system Collector Type: Flat plate Collector Area: 4 m 2 Collector Orientation: Facing south with a tilt of 45E nergy Storage: 350 L DHW tank and 500 L float tank Loads: DHW Climate: Ottawa , Ontario SF : 0.67 for the dual tank system and 0.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».