Congenital Craniofacial Abnormalities in Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Hatchlings
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea), is the most abundant species of sea turtles in the world, but is still threatened according to the red list of endangered species. Apparently, the Olive Ridley turtle seems more prone to congenital malformations compared to other species of sea turtles. In northwestern Mexico, an incidence of congenital malformations of 2% has been reported for this species, most of which occur in the craniofacial region (49%). The objective of this study was to deduce the etiology of the malformations based on the pattern of the affected structures. During the 2019 nesting season at El Caimanero nesting beach, Sinaloa, Mexico, 11 specimens with external craniofacial malformations and 10 that did not show external malformation were collected. The normal animals hatched, but died from other natural causes within the nests. Specimens were divided between histological analysis or µCT with phosphotungstic acid contrast enhancement. Specimens with malformations consistent with a Holoprosencephaly (HPE) phenotype were detected (Table 1). Analysis PTA staining and µCT showed there was a single external naris. There was variability in the morphology of the nasal passages. Other midline structures were also deficient including absent interorbital septum and small premaxilla. However, two other cardinal signs of severe HPE were not seen. The brain was divided into right and left hemispheres and the eyes were separated. There were additional defects in the mandible affecting mesodermal derivatives of the first arch. The tongue was severely hypoplastic and the musculature in the floor of the oral cavity was deficient. The tracheal opening was also displaced posteriorly in the tongue compared to the usual position in the center of the tongue. The nasal defects may be caused by a hypoplastic frontonasal process which allows merging of the nasal pits. The muscular deficiencies in the tongue are likely due to incomplete formation of lingual swellings in the first pharyngeal arch. Nasal development was normal in the majority of animals and the most common defect was mandibular deviation combined with hypoplasia. The defects observed are consistent with a mild form of HPE but also with ciliopathies that include tongue agenesis. Further histological analysis will be carried out to assess cellular and molecular phenotypes. This work suggest pleotropic environmental effects cause the embryonic defects after the eggs are oviposited in the nest. This turtle species lays eggs with embryos in the gastrula stage of development, reaching pharyngula stage, 3‐4 days after laying. Therefore, we postulate an exposure to an environmental teratogen in the first 4 days is responsible for the congenital abnormalities.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».