Euroazijski ris (Lynx lynx L.) u Hrvatskoj 50 godina nakon njegove reintrodukcije

The Eurasian lynx is one of the three large carnivores that inhabit the territory of Croatia. They are an important component of biodiversity and are at the top of the food chain of terrestrial ecosystems. The role of predators puts them in conflict with man resulting in the endangerment of these species. One of the most endangered mammals in Croatia is the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). Today, four species of lynx are known - the Canadian and red-haired lynx that live in North America and the Eurasian and Iberian lynx that live on the European continent. The Eurasian lynx is widespread in the forested hilly and mountainous areas of the Dinarides from the Croatian-Slovenian border in the northwest to the Croatian-Bosnian-Herzegovinian border in the southeast. The Eurasian lynx is the largest species of the lynx genus. It is a specialized predator that feeds exclusively on meat, and the main prey of lynx consists of eventoed ungulates (Capreolus capreolus), deer (Cervus elaphus) and chamois (Rupicarpa rupicarpa). The lynx is a territorial animal that lives a solitary lifestyle that regulates population density. The main habitat factors that determine the distribution of lynx are the availability of food, the coverage of the habitat with vegetation and the degree of human impact. In the last few centuries, a large number of carnivorous species have declined drastically. This situation is a direct or indirect consequence of human activity. Much of the lynx extinction process in Europe occurred by the early 19th century. In the Dinaric lynx population, the main cause of extinction in 19th century Europe was primarily fragmentation and poor feeding conditions in the lynx habitat, and hunting as a factor was probably secondary to the extinction of local populations. In 1973, the lynx population was reintroduced to the Dinarides when 6 individuals from Slovakia were released. The population spread in the direction of the northwest, towards Italy and the Alps, but also towards the southeast, towards Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the 1990s, lynx was present in the southwestern half of Slovenia all the way to the western mountains of Bosnia in the southeast. Today, the lynx population in the Alps and Dinarides is declining and is strictly protected throughout the area. This population is small and isolated, making it vulnerable to factors that can significantly reduce their viability. Since 2017, the international LIFE Lynx project has been implemented in Croatia and Slovenia, the main goal of which is to repair the genetic diversity.

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