From basic auditory processing to complex musical skills: a structural and functional perspective
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Sounds consist of pressure variations in the air; as such, they are only present in the moment and disappear immediately after they are produced, leaving only a trace in the nervous system. Thus, the processing of any auditory information requires the integration of events over time. This thesis consists of three neuroimaging studies that together converge on a broader understanding of the diverse auditory cortical networks that support the processing of temporal features of auditory stimuli. The three studies in this thesis were chosen to tap into three distinct types of auditory processes. Study 1 used a longitudinal design to investigate the developmental neuroanatomical correlates of 2 Hz frequency modulation processing, a skill previously shown to correlate with the phonological aspects of literacy abilities. Using voxel-based morphometry, we found that the frequency-modulation thresh- old was significantly correlated with grey-matter density in left Heschl’s gyrus at the age of 10 years, but that this correlation weakened with age. Additionally, we found that 2Hz frequency-modulation threshold significantly correlated with spelling abilities at this age, but only in the boys, who also showed a stronger correlation between frequency-modulation threshold and grey-matter density in left Heschl’s gyrus. These findings provide a neural basis for the hypothesis that 2 Hz frequency modulation processing directly relates to literacy abilities because the former relies on structures known to preferentially process dynamically changing temporal stimuli. The second study expanded the results of the first into the more complex task of melodic transposition. Using the same longitudinal design, we investigated whether the neuroanatomical correlate of musical transposition previously demonstrated in adults were present between the ages of 10 and 14.5 years. We found a relationship between cortical thickness in left intraparietal sulcus and performance on the transposed melody task in the 14.5 year-old girls but not in the 14.5 year-old boys; no such relationship was observed at the earlier tested ages (13, 11.5 and 10). We conclude that this relationship between structure and behavior is not fixed and that the effects observed in adults are due exclusively to neither training nor predisposition. The third study focused on the functional role of the intraparietal sulcus in systematic auditory transformations in adults. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a mental tempo-changing task to localize the cortical activity related to maintaining temporal invariance across acceleration and decelerations in tempo. The results showed that recruitment of the intraparietal sulcus is specifically related to successful mental transposition. The results of these three studies fill three distinct gaps in the neuroscientific literature on non-speech auditory processing and help develop a broad view of the neuroanatomical and functional correlates of both basic and complex auditory skills from adolescence to adulthood.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».