Characterization of the Geothermal Resource at Clarke Lake Field Northeast British Columbia
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Clarke Lake is a depleted gas fi eld developed in carbonate platform deposits of the Slave Point Formation (Middle Devonian) in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. It displays anomalously high reservoir temperature and strong water drive, making it a candidate for repurposing as a source of geothermal power. Porous and permeable reservoir near the platform margin developed through the hydrothermal alteration of host limestone to dolomite. A geothermal resource requires permeable reservoir rock that allows for fl ow rates that can sustain economic electricity generation. A depositional model in provides a basis for mapping the dolomite reservoir, and thus, permeability. Porosity and permeability measurements can be incorporated in a comprehensive suite of fl ow simulations to test how reinjected water affects geothermal power production. Nine depositional facies and two diagenetic facies are identifi ed, the former based on bioclast assemblages, rock types, texture and composition and the latter based on rock fabric and the degree of alteration to dolomite. Deposition of these facies occurred within lagoonal, reef-fl at and foreslope settings associated with a rimmed carbonate platform. Dolomitized lagoon, reef fl at, reef margin and shoal lithologies show enhanced porosity and permeability due to dissolution of stromatoporoid bioclasts, forming mouldic and vuggy porosity. Diagenetic facies show high permeability but reduced porosity as a result of precipitation of porosity-occluding dolomite, fl uorite, and sulphide minerals. High quality reservoir zones occur primarily at the reef margin, caused by fabric-selective hydrothermal alteration of carbonate sediments near the contact with shales of the Horn River and Muskwa formations. Correlation of core descriptions and wireline log data allow the Slave Point Formation to be separated into successions that infl uenced dolomitization: an initial shoal unit, S1, three subsequent reef units, R1, R2, R3, and terminal shoal units of D1, D2 and D3. Shoal units were deposited in the transgressive systems tracts, whereas reef growth units were deposited in the highstand systems tracts. An initial transgression deposited shoals of the S1 unit across the carbonate platform. i As the rate of relative sea level rise waned, a well-defi ned reef margin developed at the platform edge, which infl uenced depositional energy across the platform top and allowed deposition of reef units (R1, R2, and R3). A subsequent transgression began to drown the reef, during which spatially restricted shoals, D1, D2 and D3, were deposited near the reef margin before the rate of relative sea level rise outpaced the rate of deposition. We assessed the viability of geothermal energy production by simulating the water temperatures in production scenarios that use different operation conditions, well confi gurations and grid sizes, and by applying a Monte Carlo approach to different porosity and permeability realizations. Both an injection-production well doublet and an array of 4 injection and 8 production wells were simulated. Temperature drops at production wells result from a migration of an injected cold water plume and are most strongly related to fl ow rate. Varying fl ow rates result in a temperature drop that ranges from 0.47 to 5.6 °C. Simulations using progressively fi ner grids predict longer thermal breakthrough time compared to coarser grids, while coarser grids predict greater temperature drops at the production well. The impact of thermal breakthrough at a geothermal production well is a reduction of the power potential. Reduced power potentials using doublet production-injection scenarios are 465 kWe at 25 kg/s fl ow rates and 930 kWe at 50 kg/s fl ow rates, compared to baseline results (that assume no thermal breakthrough) of 511 kWe and 1036 kWe, respectively . The four injection-eight production well scenarios estimate a power production of 3456 kWe at 200 kg/s fl ow rates, compared to a baseline result of 4085 kWe without thermal breakthrough.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».