A longitudinal examination of the influence of winning or losing with motivational climate as a mediator on enjoyment, perceived competence, and intention to be physically active in youth basketball
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background In basketball, children’s main reason for playing is to have fun, whereas outcomes such as skill acquisition and long-term development are often perceived by adults as the main motive for children’s engagement in sport. However, no studies have yet examined whether the game outcome could influence motivational variables longitudinally over the course of a season. The novelty of the present study resides in the longitudinal exploration, the multilevel approach, and the analysis of motivational climate as a mediator variable between game outcome and enjoyment, perceived competence, and intention to be physically active.Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze whether under-12 basketball players’ who won versus lost games had different perceptions of their enjoyment, perceived competence, and intention to be physically active throughout a season, considering motivational climate as a mediator.Method The participants were 94 boys and two girls from eight basketball clubs (Mage = 9.72 years, SD = 1.70 years, age range = 9–11 years). The study followed a six months longitudinal design. The independent variable was the game outcome (win-loss). The dependent variables were enjoyment, perceived competence, and intention to be physically active. Motivational climate was a mediator variable. Data were collected at the end of each of the 56 games throughout 14 game days over a basketball formal season. Longitudinal multilevel regression analysis was conducted within player-level and between player-level with the repeated measures representing the game-to-game variability.Results We found that at the within player level, motivational climate mediated the effect of game outcome as follows. On game days, when the game is won, players perceive the climate as more ego-related, which in turn reduced enjoyment and increased perceived competence. On game days, when the game is lost, players perceive the climate as more task-related, which in turn increased enjoyment, perceived competence, and intention to be physically active.Conclusion Game outcomes did not directly affect players’ feelings, but motivational climate mediated the effect between game outcomes and motivational elements within players throughout a season. This study shows that the competitive nature of sport is not a deterrent to youth positive experiences provided adults minimize the emphasis of game outcomes over personal factors such as competence and enjoyment, through motivational climate.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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