Violence against Women and Ethnoracial Minority Women: Examining Assumptions about Ethnicity and "Race"

ABSTRACT/RESUME In the vast scholarship on violence against women in intimate relations, the experiences of ethnoracial minority women have largely been ignored. During the last decade, empirical attention has been given to ethnoracial group variations vis-a-vis the nature, extent, and definitions of the problem, women's help-seeking, and service needs. Applying an intersectional framework, in this paper we suggest that these efforts are largely based on an approach that views ethnicity and as static and immutable entities; heterogeneity within groups goes unrecognized, as do interactive elements of social location. The paper commences with a synopsis of intersectionality. Through this lens, we examine dominant North American scholarship on violence related to ethnoracial minority women in intimate relations. We look critically at the assumptions about ethnicity and that permeate this scholarship. The paper concludes by considering how an intersectional approach might offer direction in exploring ethnoracial mi nority women's experiences of violence in intimate relations. Dans la vaste recension des ecrits sur la violence contre les femmes dans leurs relations intimes, les experiences des femmes des minorites ethniques ont largement ignorees. Au cours de la derniere decennie, une attention empirique a ete accordee aux variations des groupes ethno-raciaux vis-a-vis la nature, l'ampleur et la definition du probleme de la recherche d'aide et de besoins de service des femmes. Le present article, en applicant un cadre theorique intersectionnel, suggere que les efforts consentis jusqu'ici s'appuient sur des approches qui percoivent l'ethnicite et la [much less than] race [much greater than] comme des entites statiques et immuables. L'heterogeneite a l'interieur des groupes de meme que les elements interactifs de la location sociale restent non reconnus. L'article commence par une revue de l'ntersectionalite. A la lumiere de celle-ci, il examine la litterature nord-americaine dominante sur la violence l'egard des femmes de minorites ethnoraciales dans leurs relations intimes et analy se les presuposes sur l'ethnicite et la [much less than] race [much greater than] que ces ecrits prennent en compte. Enfin, l'article examine comment une approche intersectionnelle peut orienter l'exploration des experiences de violence dans les relations intimes vecues par les femmes de minorite ethnoraciales. Violence against women in intimate relationships is a pervasive social issue affecting the lives of all too many women and their children. Across the globe, investigations have established the extent of the problem, ascertained its effects on women, and devised appropriate local, national, and international responses. Achievements have been made in establishing refuges, and heightening social service, medical, criminal justice, and law enforcement responses. While increasing numbers of women disclose and seek aid from shelter, police, and health care professionals, too many others remain marginalized from these very front-line services. Battered women from immigrant and minority ethnoracial communities are most vulnerable yet least served by existing service practices and policies (Canadian Panel on Violence against Women, 1993). Though a vast body of research on violence against women exists, minimal attention has been given to ethnoracial [1] minority women (DeKeseredy & Hinch, 1991; Krane, 1996). This dearth of empirical exploration has contributed to a situation in which the needs of women from the dominant culture are assumed to apply universally. The corollary is that the needs of ethnoracial minority women are addressed and require examination (Kanuha, 1996; Sorenson, 1996). Another consequence is that instruments used to examine violence against women rely on concepts developed from research with white populations (Kanuha, 1996; Landrine et al., 1992). Here, the corollary is that some forms of violence are simply not measured or, as Sorenson (1996, p. …

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