An overview of the Ontario Geological Survey's groundwater initiative
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Ontario Geological Survey (OGS) initiated mapping activities in support of regional hydrogeological characterization in 2001. Concurrent activities included the generation of updated fully-attributed, bedrock geology, karst, physiography, surficial geology, drift thickness and bedrock topography seamless maps. These pan-southern Ontario maps and products serve as a foundation for hydrogeological investigations, and in particular, they have formed an integral part of the watershed characterization portion of the source protection plans. Following the release of these pan-southern Ontario products, the OGS shifted focus to characterizing the subsurface through the development and implementation of three sub-surface mapping activities; 3D Paleozoic bedrock mapping, 3D surficial sediment mapping and ambient groundwater geochemistry mapping. Each of these activities is described below. 1) The primary goal of the 3D Paleozoic bedrock mapping is to delineate the stratigraphic units that host important groundwater resources in southern Ontario. This is done by identifying the main geologic controls on groundwater flow and mapping and delineating regional-scale groundwater flow systems within the context of a sequence stratigraphic framework. The first study area concentrated on the Niagara Escarpment because this region is undergoing significant population pressures and relies heavily on deep bedrock groundwater resources. The next regional-scale 3D Paleozoic bedrock mapping project will focus on Upper Silurian through Middle Devonian carbonate-dominated units located to the southwest. 2) The goals of 3D sediment mapping projects are to reconstruct the Quaternary history of each area, build a regional-scale 3D model of Quaternary deposits that form aquifers and aquitards, and to define the internal characteristics of each sediment package. The initial focus was on areas either within or adjacent to the Greater Golden Horseshoe and to date, projects have been completed in the Waterloo (GRS03), Barrie-Oro (GRS11), Brantford-Woodstock (GRS10) and Orangeville-Fergus (GRS15) areas, South Simcoe is nearing completion and projects in the Niagara and Central Simcoe areas are well underway. The 3D sediment mapping program has taken a basin analysis approach similar to that used by the GSC in the Oak Ridges Moraine. Ground and airborne geophysical surveys coupled with continuous-coring have enabled the development of conceptual geologic models, critical for the successful construction of 3D geologic models. 3) The ambient groundwater geochemistry project which was initiated in 2011 and resulted in the collection of untreated bedrock- and overburden-derived groundwaters at approximately 1850 stations across all of southern Ontario. The main purpose of the study is to understand and predict the effect that aquifer composition has on groundwater quality as well as to understand the flow history, residence time and vulnerability of individual and regional groundwater sources. The sampling density is approximately 1 station per 10 square kilometers. Digital datasets and maps were released for all of southern Ontario in 2015 (MRD283-REV). Moving beyond southern Ontario, a similar study was initiated in the Sudbury region in 2016, with plans to conduct mapping activities on Manitoulin Island in 2017.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,009 | 0,021 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,022 | 0,005 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».