Notice bibliographique
Résumé
When we spoke to her in 2003, Laverne Throckhorn was a sweet, somewhat plaintive woman in her eighties living with her two brothers in a small bungalow in Portland. She was born in St. John, Oregon, in 1920, and had three brothers: Harry, Sydney, and Alvin. Her parents also had two babies who died at or shortly after birth. All of the children suffered some degree of developmental disability. Laverne’s family was poor, and her mother’s serious illness made their difficult lives worse yet. For reasons that are not clear, social services – or what passed for them in the 1920s – learned of the Throckhorns’ situation and attempted to take the children. The family moved several times, always staying just one step ahead of the state. In the small town of Hood River, however, the state caught up with them. Alvin, who had a serious speech impediment, was walking through the streets one day unaccompanied. Someone reported him to social services. The authorities picked Alvin up, made him show them where the family was living, and took the four children away. Social services delivered them to the State Institution for the Feeble Minded, later renamed Fairview Hospital and Training Center in 1933. The institution had been opened in 1907, outside the state capital of Salem, to house the state’s “mentally defective.” There, as elsewhere, this label lumped together two categories of people: the cognitively impaired (or mentally handicapped) and the mentally ill (e.g., those suffering from severe depression). This institution looked like most institutions that existed before the Second World War. It was attractive, grand even, and set on well-landscaped grounds; in the 1920s, it was approached via a winding road known locally as “Lunatics’ Lane.” In its day, Fairview resembled a feudal estate: the director lived in a grand house on the site, and all permanent staff was housed in detached buildings surrounding the large, columned main structure. Also housed in the peripheral buildings were the estate’s workers – but in place of serfs, it was patients who were set to work at planting vegetables, milking cows, gathering eggs, and raising other animals. Such farms were common. As early as 1910, most such institutions had farm colonies adjacent to or near the main facility, and many institutions bought or rented additional farms.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,054 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».