Chemically Assisted Ignition Technologies for a Light Oil Air Injection Process
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Chemically assisted ignition technologies for a light oil(base oil) with a density 876.4kg/m3 (API 30 °) were investigated to increase the effectiveness of ignition of this oil in an air injection process. Several experiments were performed using a Pressurized Differential Scanning Calorimetry (PDSC) thermal analysis technique and an Accelerating Rate Calorimetry (ARC) Tests to examine the relative effects of catalysts and initiators (chemical additives). In the PDSC and ARC tests, the mixtures were subjected to a controlled heating schedule under a constant flow rate of air at 4.14 MPa (600 psig) and 13.8 MPa (2000 psig) pressure respectively. The heat released by the oxidation reactions as a function of temperature was analyzed. In the presence of the metallic catalyst and chemical initiators, the oxidation behavior of the tested oil was dramatically improved. A significant reduction in both the onset temperature of the exotherm of the base oil in the low temperature regions and in the activation energy for the low temperature oxidation reactions was achieved using the chemical additives. For low temperature reservoirs, chemically assisted ignition involving a slug or slugs of chemical additive slug injections has potential for application in air injection based improved oil recovery process. Introduction Air injection has proven itself as a viable process inimproving oil recovery from several light oil reservoirs, and as a result, it has received much interest in recent years [1,2]. When air is injected into a light oil reservoir, exothermic chemical reactions occur between the reservoir oil and oxygen contained in the injected air. The desired reactions are those resulting in heat generation and the production of carbon dioxide. Downstream of the reaction zone, the combustion product gas which is comprised of CO2, CO, N2 combined with the vaporized light hydrocarbon fractions and hot water sweep the oil toward production wells. Air injection for light oil reservoir is a complex process involving simultaneous heat and mass transfer in a multiphase environment coupled with oxidation chemical reactions [3]. Ignition is the first phase of this process [4]. A satisfactory ignition is of prime importance in initiating a successful air injection process [3]. In high temperature reservoirs, the air injection process is initiated by injecting air, which will spontaneously ignite the oil in place[1]. However, in some situations where spontaneous ignition of the reservoir oil is not likely to occur, several artificial means have been implemented. These include external heat injection into the near-wellbore region using downhole electrical heaters and hot gasesgenerated by a gas burner, or the injection of a slug of steam. Artificial ignition is commonly applied in heavy oil reservoirs, but it is highly desirable to avoid having to run heaters or burners when air injection is to be applied in deep, high pressure reservoirs. An excellent historical review of ignition methods is provided by Sstrange et. al[3]. Chemical ignition, which involves the injection of a slug or slugs containing chemicals which have desirable oxidation characteristics into the air injection wells prior to the injection of air.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».