Justice for crime victims: has the time finally come for a radical paradigm shift?
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
How is it that punishment has become synonymous with justice and that justice has become a euphemism for punishment? How is it that justice and punishment have become almost interchangeable terms? How is it that slogans such as ?justice for victims? are invariably interpreted as demands for more and harsher punishments. Is punishment truly synonymous with justice? Are crime victims really bloodthirsty and totally obsessed with a quest for punishment? A troubling question that has haunted me throughout my professional life, a question that I spent many sleepless nights trying to find the answer to, is: How could it be that punishment, the deliberate infliction of pain and suffering, the deprivation of liberty, or deliberately putting a human being full of life to death be called or perceived as justice and be seen as the most appropriate response to victims? sufferings? How is it that victims who, as Nils Christie said, are the primary owners of the conflict (Christie, 1977) whose property rights were usurped, and whose rightful dues paid to them in the form of ?Wergeld? or the composition was expropriated by the state, were led to believe that justice is vengeance and retaliation and that the harsher the punishment, the more just is the judgment? How is it that the theological and abstract notions of retribution, expiation, atonement and penitence became so entrenched in people?s minds that no rational thinking, no scientific evidence, no economic crisis, no humanitarian endeavour seems to be capable of shaking such religious beliefs or lessening the incessant demands for punishment? How is it that punishment has become so universally accepted, extremely popular and so widely practised that people and governments, even in the harshest economic times, are more than willing to waste billions and billions of dollars for no other reason but to inflict pain and suffering on those fellow citizens who have violated man-made laws? The time has come to ask whether 21st century society has undergone a social, cultural and moral evolution that makes the retributive ?justice for victims? paradigm ripe for a radical shift? These are just some of the complex and difficult questions that are begging for answers and that will be examined in this paper.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,051 | 0,036 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,014 | 0,090 |
| Communication savante | 0,026 | 0,049 |
| Science ouverte | 0,007 | 0,014 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,032 | 0,065 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,007 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».