Parameters Affecting Lithium Ion Conductivity of Carboxymethyl Cellulose Binders
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In an effort to minimize green house gas emissions, the development of renewable energy storage has become important, especially for the transportation industry.(I) Currently, the most effective energy storage solution is Li-ion batteries due to their long cycle life and high energy density.(I) However, this current technology uses highly reactive and flammable liquid electrolytes which are both limited by their limited charging speed through a liquid medium and their unsafe nature.(II) For this reason, many large companies such as Hyundai and Samsung have heavily invested in the development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSB), seen as the next step in safe fast-charging energy storage.(III) However, problems remain that need to be solved before ASSBs can become commercially viable. One of these problems is cycling stability, where battery performance significantly drops after a few charge/discharge cycles, notably through mechanical degradation and interfacial contact issues caused by volume changes of the active material against a rigid solid electrolyte.(I) For this reason, there is growing interest in increasing the system’s mechanical flexibility thus preventing degradation by the use of ionically conductive polymers as soft binders and volume buffers.(IV) One potential choice for such materials are environmentally friendly natural biopolymers such as cellulose derivatives like carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), whose functional groups coordinate cations during transport. CMC has already been shown to act as a binder that increases mechanical stability for electrodes of current Li-ion technology and exhibits proton conductivity in fuel cell applications. It is also being investigated for its potential in ASSBs, Na-ion, and Zn batteries where it has been shown to have high durability and that it combines well with a variety of other polymers when used as binders or as a solid electrolyte in these batteries.(IV-VII) To further our understanding of incorporating this biopolymer in batteries, we are studying the effects of various aspects of CMC film preparation on their ionic conductivity such as salt concentration and film homogeneity. In addition, to the preparation parameters, we investigated the activation energy of ion transport for CMC films of differing concentrations through temperature dependence measurements. Furthermore, we investigated the structure of these materials with infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry to see the effects of salt concentration on the microstructure. This data is of importance in assessing the impact of CMC binders and will lay a foundation for optimizing binder choice for cheap and biodegradable components in both current and next-generation battery technology. References (I) Li, L.; Deng, Y.; Chen, G. Status And Prospect Of Garnet/Polymer Solid Composite Electrolytes For All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries. Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020, 50, 154-177. (II) Zheng, Y.; Li, X.; Li, C. A Novel De-Coupling Solid Polymer Electrolyte Via Semi-Interpenetrating Network For Lithium Metal Battery. Energy Storage Materials 2020, 29, 42-51. (III) Eckhouse, B. Samsung Venture, Hyundai Investing in Battery Producer. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-09-10/samsung-and-hyundai-investing-in-solid-state-battery-producer. (IV) Shetty, S.; Ismayil; Shetty, G. Enhancement Of Electrical And Optical Properties Of Sodium Bromide Doped Carboxymethyl Cellulose Biopolymer Electrolyte Films. Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 2020, 59 (4), 235-247. (V) Darjazi, H.; Staffolani, A.; Sbrascini, L.; Bottoni, L.; Tossici, R.; Nobili, F. Sustainable Anodes For Lithium- And Sodium-Ion Batteries Based On Coffee Ground-Derived Hard Carbon And Green Binders. Energies 2020, 13 (23), 6216. (VI) Dueramae, I.; Okhawilai, M.; Kasemsiri, P.; Uyama, H.; Kita, R. Properties Enhancement Of Carboxymethyl Cellulose With Thermo-Responsive Polymer As Solid Polymer Electrolyte For Zinc Ion Battery. Scientific Reports 2020, 10 (1). (VII) Sasso, C.; Beneventi, D.; Zeno, E.; Petit-Conil, M.; Chaussy, D.; Belgacem, M. Carboxymethylcellulose: A Conductivity Enhancer And Film-Forming Agent For Processable Polypyrrole From Aqueous Medium. Synthetic Metals 2011, 161 (5-6), 397-403.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».