First Report of <i>Phytophthora gonapodyides</i> Causing Root Rot on Raspberry in Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an economically important fruit crop in Canada and about 80% of red raspberries are cultivated in British Columbia. In 2018, foliar symptoms associated with root rot and wilting complex disease were observed in raspberry field of Fraser Valley areas of British Columbia. Plants were stunted with reduced numbers of primocanes. Chlorosis and necrosis on leaves and partial wilting of branches were observed. When plants were uprooted, necrosis and browning on roots were observed. Two isolates of oomycetes pathogen were isolated using baiting with rhododendron leaves and pear fruit as described in Sapkota et al. 2022. Using FastDNA Spin kit (MP Biomedical, Burlingame, CA), genomic DNA of pathogen isolates was extracted from mycelia cultured on 20% clarified V8 agar medium amended with 10 mg pimaricin, 250 mg ampicillin, 10 mg rifampicin (V8PAR) per liter following the manufacturer's standard protocol. Pathogens were identified using colony morphology on 20% clarified V8 PAR as well as internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing with ITS1 primers (White et al. 1990) and multiplex targeted-sequencing with degenerate primers of three nuclear genes: heat shock protein90 (HSP90), elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) and beta tubulin (βtub). BLAST searches of ITS sequences of isolates of this study (accession nos. OP180065, OP180066) in NCBI GenBank showed 98.5 to 99.6% identity with the ITS sequence of P. gonapodyides (accession nos. MN513238.1, MG753496.1). Multiplex targeted sequencing also identified both isolates as a P. gonapodyides (accession nos. SRR20227809, SRR20227807) when mapped with the reference sequences (accession nos. HSP90: KX251233.1, EF1α: KX251231.1, β-tub: KX639710.1). Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating mycelial suspension of one isolate of P. gonapodyides on root of intact plants and mycelial plugs of two isolates on detached stems of the raspberry plants, 'Chemainus' in the greenhouse using methods described in Sapkota et al. 2022. Two experiments were conducted with three replicates in each test. Experiments were arranged using completely randomized design. In detached stem assays, distinct dark-lesion symptom appeared at 7 to 9 days after inoculation while uninoculated control stems remained asymptomatic. Intact plants showed wilting and foliar symptoms 15 days after inoculation and progressed higher at 4 to 5 weeks after inoculation. Root infection with dark brown to black color was observed when roots were assessed at 5 weeks after inoculation. The diseased root and crown tissues tested positive for Phytophthora in Agdia ImmunoStrip and P. gonapodyides was re-isolated and confirmed with multiplex-targeted sequencing. Phytophthora gonapodyides was previously reported from raspberry in Chile (Wilcox and Latorre 2002). To our best knowledge, this is the first report of P. gonapodyides infecting red raspberry in British Columbia, Canada. The detection of new Phytophthora species on raspberry may become a new potential problem to growers in addition to P. rubi, which is already a major cause of raspberry decline in the region.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».