Road pricing applications in North America
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This chapter discusses transport pricing and funding in the United States and Canada, with a focus on road pricing in the United States. The chapter begins with a brief history of road pricing in the United States from the earliest days of priced travel until 1995 when the first innovative, priced managed lane projects opened. Now a common part of highway networks in major metropolitan regions, these projects have been extensively studied. This chapter briefly discusses the growth in innovative funding and financing through those priced facilities before focusing on more recent insights into these innovative projects. We review three key issues with initiating pricing projects: (1) the ability of the priced facility to garner support and meet traveler expectations, (2) the industry’s ability to predict travel on, and revenue from, potential priced facilities, and (3) the choice of a dynamic or variable pricing mechanism. These three issues have gained increased importance as priced facilities have moved from infancy to a high growth stage. This chapter discusses transport pricing and funding in the United States and Canada, with a focus on road pricing in the United States. The chapter begins with a brief history of road pricing in the United States from the earliest days of priced travel until 1995 when the first innovative, priced managed lane projects opened. Now a common part of highway networks in major metropolitan regions, these projects have been extensively studied. This chapter briefly discusses the growth in innovative funding and financing through those priced facilities before focusing on more recent insights into these innovative projects. We review three key issues with initiating pricing projects: (1) the ability of the priced facility to garner support and meet traveler expectations, (2) the industry’s ability to predict travel on, and revenue from, potential priced facilities, and (3) the choice of a dynamic or variable pricing mechanism. These three issues have gained increased importance as priced facilities have moved from infancy to a high growth stage. This chapter discusses transport pricing and funding in the United States and Canada, with a focus on road pricing in the United States. The chapter begins with a brief history of road pricing in the United States from the earliest days of priced travel until 1995 when the first innovative, priced managed lane projects opened. Now a common part of highway networks in major metropolitan regions, these projects have been extensively studied. This chapter briefly discusses the growth in innovative funding and financing through those priced facilities before focusing on more recent insights into these innovative projects. We review three key issues with initiating pricing projects: (1) the ability of the priced facility to garner support and meet traveler expectations, (2) the industry’s ability to predict travel on, and revenue from, potential priced facilities, and (3) the choice of a dynamic or variable pricing mechanism. These three issues have gained increased importance as priced facilities have moved from infancy to a high growth stage.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».