Reconstructing Early Phanerozoic intertidal ecosystems: ichnology of the Cambrian Campanario Formation in northwest Argentina
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Campanario Formation is the middle unit of the upper Lower to Middle Cambrian Mesón Group of northwest Argentina. This formation is interpreted as having accumulated in macrotidal shallow-marine environments with extensive tidal-flat areas flanked seawards by subtidal sandbar complexes. Shallow subtidal and intertidal sand-flat deposits are dominated by vertical domiciles of suspension feeders and passive predators of the Skolithos ichnofacies (Skolithos, Arenicolites, Diplocraterion). The ichnogenus Syringomorphaz also occurs in sand-flat facies, commonly forming high-density, monospecific assemblages. Mixed-flat deposits contain hurizontal feeding, locomotion and resting traces as diagnostic components. A relatively low-diversity Cruziana ichnofacies is present in these lower-energy deposits. This ichnofauna includes presurned trilobite trace fossils (Cruziana, Rusophycus, Diplichnites), structures produced by sessile cnidarians (Bergaueria cf. B. perata) and shallow burrows and trails of vermiform organisms (Planolites, Palaeophycus, Helminthoidichnites). Tiering in these tidal-flat deposits is relatively simple. Six ichnoguilds (Cruziana problematica, Palaeophycus, Bergaueria, Rusophycus leifeirikssoni, Syringomorpha and Skolithos) have been defined. These ichnoguilds show a preferential palaeoenvironmental distribution following proximal-distal trends. Modern tidal flats are characterised by an abundant food supply derived from multiple sources, including nutrients brought in by the sea, terrestrially derived organic detritus and autochthonous food productian (e.g. primary production, faecal pellets). The inhabitants of modern intertidal areas are exposed to a double set of predators. During submergence they are preyed on by marine organisms and during emergence they are visited by enemies from the land and air. Contrastingly, the Cambrian intertidal environments functioned as refugia in the absence of continental (i.e. air and land) predators. Despite the physical stress, Cambrian tidal flats must have been protected areas where abundant food was available at almost no risk. Due to the paucity of land vegetation (and land-derived detritus), Cambrian intertidal trophic webs were almost entirely based on the organically rich marine source and most likely a significant autochthonous production. Although the picture that emerges from the Cambrian is qualitatively different, Cambrian tidal flats may have resembled modern ones in their ecological role as sites of reproductian and protection. The depth and extent of bioturbation reveal colonisation of a relatively deep in faunal ecospace by coelomate metazoans. Arthropod incursions in Cambrian tidal flats support an early colonisation of intertidal environments and indicate that representatives of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna were able to colonise very shallow-water environments, thus suggesting a significant landward expansion of the Cambrian explosion and the "Agronomic Revolution".
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle