Prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends in anaemia burden by severity and cause, 1990–2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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Résumé

BACKGROUND: Anaemia is a major health problem worldwide. Global estimates of anaemia burden are crucial for developing appropriate interventions to meet current international targets for disease mitigation. We describe the prevalence, years lived with disability, and trends of anaemia and its underlying causes in 204 countries and territories. METHODS: We estimated population-level distributions of haemoglobin concentration by age and sex for each location from 1990 to 2021. We then calculated anaemia burden by severity and associated years lived with disability (YLDs). With data on prevalence of the causes of anaemia and associated cause-specific shifts in haemoglobin concentrations, we modelled the proportion of anaemia attributed to 37 underlying causes for all locations, years, and demographics in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. FINDINGS: In 2021, the global prevalence of anaemia across all ages was 24·3% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 23·9-24·7), corresponding to 1·92 billion (1·89-1·95) prevalent cases, compared with a prevalence of 28·2% (27·8-28·5) and 1·50 billion (1·48-1·52) prevalent cases in 1990. Large variations were observed in anaemia burden by age, sex, and geography, with children younger than 5 years, women, and countries in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia being particularly affected. Anaemia caused 52·0 million (35·1-75·1) YLDs in 2021, and the YLD rate due to anaemia declined with increasing Socio-demographic Index. The most common causes of anaemia YLDs in 2021 were dietary iron deficiency (cause-specific anaemia YLD rate per 100 000 population: 422·4 [95% UI 286·1-612·9]), haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias (89·0 [58·2-123·7]), and other neglected tropical diseases (36·3 [24·4-52·8]), collectively accounting for 84·7% (84·1-85·2) of anaemia YLDs. INTERPRETATION: Anaemia remains a substantial global health challenge, with persistent disparities according to age, sex, and geography. Estimates of cause-specific anaemia burden can be used to design locally relevant health interventions aimed at improving anaemia management and prevention. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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La notice

Revue

The Lancet Haematology

Thématique

Iron Metabolism and Disorders

Domaine

Medicine

Établissements canadiens

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Organismes subventionnaires

Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaNational Health and Medical Research CouncilDirectorate for Biological SciencesUniwersytet OpolskiGeorge Institute for Global HealthMadda Walabu UniversitySydney Medical SchoolMinderoo FoundationARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life CourseShahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesLingnan UniversityKurdistan University Of Medical SciencesLorestan University of Medical SciencesUniversity of ThessalyAlexandria UniversityUniversity of ColomboNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, RaebareliJawaharlal Institute Of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchUniversity of PeradeniyaXiamen UniversityUniversity of the RyukyusDire Dawa UniversityZanjan University of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityNational Research, Development and Innovation OfficeNational Nutrition and Food Technology Research InstituteAlfaisal UniversityUniversity of GondarIlam UniversityUniversitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie "Carol Davila" BucureştiUniversity of SulaimaniMajmaah UniversitySavitribai Phule Pune UniversityShaqra UniversityPomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny W SzczecinieUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisUniversitatea din BucureștiArak University of Medical SciencesUniversity of Cape TownUniversity of California, San DiegoUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaTechnische Universität BerlinDirektorat Jenderal Pendidikan TinggiUniversity of South CarolinaCooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e UniversitárioUniversity of HailUniversidade do PortoCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisEmory UniversityUnited Arab Emirates UniversitySabzevar University of Medical SciencesBangladesh University of Health SciencesCancer Institute NSWShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesGonabad University of Medical SciencesUniversity of the PhilippinesUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUniversidade de São PauloNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesChinese University of Hong KongCleveland ClinicTaipei Medical UniversityInyuvesi Yakwazulu-NataliUniversiti Sains MalaysiaOulun YliopistoIsfahan University of Medical SciencesUniversiti MalayaAin Shams UniversityShiraz University of Medical SciencesRajiv Gandhi University of Health SciencesUniwersytet ŁódzkiKing Abdulaziz UniversityIlam University of Medical SciencesUniversitas PadjadjaranUniversity of the Western CapeUniversidad Autónoma de SinaloaUniversità di CataniaBundesministerium für GesundheitGachon UniversityAdigrat UniversityUniversitetet i BergenKing Saud UniversityUniversitas Syiah KualaShiraz UniversityNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaHamadan University of Medical SciencesSemmelweis EgyetemDeakin UniversityPublic Health AgencyWollega UniversityUniversiteit StellenboschUniversity of LeedsPublic Health Foundation of IndiaIndian Council of Medical ResearchMasarykova UniverzitaGuilan University of Medical SciencesQazvin University of Medical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchUniversity of TorontoStanford Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford UniversityMacquarie UniversityKasturba Medical College, ManipalManipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationUniversiteit UtrechtNankai UniversityBanaras Hindu UniversityHøgskulen på VestlandetCoventry UniversityBabol University of Medical SciencesUniversidad de ColimaKarolinska InstitutetUnited Nations Population FundUniversitas IndonesiaUniversity of Technology SydneySalahaddin University-ErbilUppsala UniversitetUniversity of EmbuSamara UniversityJordan University of Science and TechnologyMcMaster UniversityMorehouse School of MedicineTabriz University of Medical SciencesAddis Ababa UniversitySultan Qaboos UniversityCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchUniversity of TabrizAhmadu Bello UniversitySouth Eastern Sydney Local Health DistrictNazarbayev UniversityCharles Sturt UniversityStudent Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesBahir Dar UniversitySheffield Hallam UniversityNew Mexico State UniversityTrường Đại học Duy TânApplied Molecular Biosciences UnitIran University of Medical SciencesUniversity of ZanjanFlorida International UniversityAmity UniversityMazandaran University of Medical SciencesZahedan University of Medical SciencesHarvard UniversityUniversity of AberdeenCase Western Reserve UniversityInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, BangladeshWashington University in St. LouisUniversity of New South WalesDongguk UniversityJazan UniversityU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsAkademiska SjukhusetEkiti State UniversityPublic Health Agency of CanadaAnglia Ruskin UniversityUniversity of CanberraDilla UniversityUniversität BaselCentral Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyBill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Mots-clés

MedicineBurden of diseaseDisease burdenDemographyPopulationDiseaseDemographicsGlobal healthEnvironmental healthPediatricsPublic healthInternal medicinePathology

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