Textile Coated with Mercaptoethane Sulfonate-functionalized Silver Nanoparticles with Virucidal Activity against SARS-CoV-2
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic emphasized the need for broad-spectrum intervention before virus-specific vaccination and antiviral drugs are readily available.One of such intervention is blocking of a common step in the virus life cycle such as the attachment to the cells.Viruses frequently attach to an abundant adhesion molecules before attachment to a specific receptor.Next to sialic acids, the most common is heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) [1].The role of HSPG during virus entry was shown for many viruses such as HSV-1, dengue virus, HBV, human papillomavirus, HIV-1 [2], and recently also for SARS-CoV-2 [3].Mimicking heparan sulfate by silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) capped with mercaptoethane (AgMES) and mercaptoundecane sulfonate (AuMUS) molecules, was successfully used in the past to inhibit viruses including HSV-1, HSV-2, human papillomavirus, dengue virus and others [4,5].Interestingly, AuMUS nanoparticles were shown previously to irreversibly block these viruses, but the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 was reversible [6].Here, we present optimized process of sonochemical coating of fabrics with AgMES NPs that possess very good virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 and common human coronavirus HCoV-OC43.AgMES NPs and AgMES-coated cotton fabrics were prepared by one-step ultrasound assisted procedure using different molar ratios of AgNO3 and sodium 2-mercaptoetahnesulfonate. AgMES NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and the coated fabrics were further evaluated by additional physico-chemical methods: ICP, FTIR and HRSEM.Cytotoxicity, antiviral and virucidal activity of powders and coated fabrics were performed against SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 in Vero E6 cells.The AgMES NPs showed only moderate cytotoxicity in Vero E6 cells at a concentration 0.5 mg/ml, while they inhibited SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 of 60 µg/ml and HCoV-OC43 with EC50 of 1.3 µg/ml.The 46 times better anti-HCoV-OC43 activity than anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was also translated in a different antiviral activity of coated fabrics.The AgMES-coated fabrics containing 0.2 wt% of Ag + were able to eliminate up to 99% of HCoV-OC43 after 60 min contact time, while, by contrast, the same fabrics did not reduce SARS-CoV-2 titer at all.Using different fabrics, in situ vs throwing stones sonochemical technique, changing time, temperature and sonication power improved the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity only marginally.Finally, after increasing the Ag + initial concentration in the synthesis by factor of five and testing different molar ratios of Ag/MES from 1/2.5 to 1/0.5, we were able to improve the virucidal activity of fabrics against SARS-CoV-2.Fabrics coated with Ag-MES NPs, which were synthesized from 1/0.5 ratio of Ag/MES, eradicated 97-100% of SARS-CoV-2 after 60 minutes contact time.To verify the stability of the AgMES NPs coating on the fabrics, a leaching procedure in water was performed.The analysis of the leaching solution showed less than 0.02 mg/l after 2 as well as 7 days of leaching.Moreover, such treated fabrics still eradicated 100% of SARS-CoV-2.Finally, the rich pattern of NPs in XRD analysis together with HRSEM of fabrics show very uniform AgMES NPs about 500-600 nm in size explained the improved anti-SARS-CoV-2 effectiveness.In summary, the improved sonochemical method to deposit AgMES NPs onto fabrics, which lead to quick eradication of SARS-CoV-2 upon contact, provides another step towards better preparedness in the case of future pandemics.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».