The invisible enemy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of maternal smokeless tobacco use as a risk factor for low birth weight
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract Introduction Smokeless tobacco use is a growing public health concern, with potential adverse implications for foetal outcomes if consumed during pregnancy. Birth weight is an important predictive measure for health outcomes of a child throughout their lifespan, from infancy through to adulthood. Although the association between maternal smoking and reduction in birth weight of infants has been studied extensively, it is unclear whether smokeless tobacco has similar effects. Hence, this review was conducted to determine whether an association exists between maternal smokeless tobacco consumption during pregnancy and birth weight of infants. Aims and Methods Systematic literature search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL with no restrictions on language or time until January 2023. All observational studies (case control, cohort and cross sectional) that examined the relationship between maternal smokeless tobacco use and low birth weight of infants were eligible for inclusion. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results Thirty-one studies were eligible for the review, including twenty-seven cohort studies, two case-control and two cross-sectional studies. These studies examined various forms of smokeless tobacco use including khat, betel/areca nut, mishri, snuff, iqmik and pituri. A statistically significant association between use of smokeless tobacco and low birth weight was reported in thirteen studies. An additional eleven studies reported a statistically significant reduction in mean birth weight in maternal smokeless tobacco users. Meta-analysis using a random effects model showed that there was a statistically significant association (OR = 1.91 [1.38, 2.65], P < 0.00001); between maternal smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy and low birth weight. Subgroup analysis found a significant association between maternal mishri consumption during pregnancy and low birth weight (OR = 10.98 [2.03, 59.34], P < 0.05), but not betel nut, betel quid or khat. Conclusions This review found that there is a significant association between maternal smokeless tobacco use and low birth weight of infants, as well as reduction in mean birth weight independent of confounding variables. It is suggested that maternal use of smokeless tobacco should receive specific attention as a part of routine prenatal care. Implications The results of this study highlight the need for further preventive public health campaigns to create awareness about the detrimental effects of smokeless tobacco on foetal outcomes patient education by healthcare workers in the primary care setting will aid in promoting smokeless tobacco cessation prior to pregnancy.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,015 | 0,044 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,020 | 0,026 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,010 | 0,009 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».