Estes, James M. Good Government and Church Order: Essays on the Role of Secular Authority in the German Reformation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
For fifty years, James M. Estes has studied relations between church and state in early Reformation Germany.This book collects his major essays from that period.Ten of its eleven chapters are revisions of essays previously published in journals and Festschriften; the eleventh is first published here.Each essay was composed to be read independently, a quality all retain.Good as they were apart, they're better together: they refer to each other and cohere tightly.When they overlap, repetition emphasizes key points.Chapters are arranged in order of composition, circa 1972 to 2009, proof of Estes's consistency and expansion.The last two chapters on Luther are exemplary.The appendix is Estes's translation of Melanchthon's De officio principum (1539), a bonus of the collection, and the subject of chapter 8.Chapters study the political views of major reformers, especially Erasmus, Luther, Melanchthon, and Brenz, men of influence.They advised Christian princes about their Christian duty, sought their protection, and asked for their financial support.The reformers argued about heresy, church organization, and holidays, but concurred that the church depended on secular rulers, first of all, to safeguard church property.They offered princes "true religion" (interpreted by theologians) and expected the rulers to enforce it.Pleased by the enforcements by his prince (John, Elector of Saxony), Luther praised him from his pulpit (278-79).Estes concludes that Luther was more reluctant than Melanchthon and Brenz to involve the state in church affairs, but he gradually came to their point of view about what was possible and what was necessary.Chapter 11, "Luther's Attitude toward the Legal Traditions of His Time, " notes his increasing contempt for canon law and its jurists, and his defence of widows against German law, two more traditions in need of reformation.What could reformers expect from princes?Estes looks at the 1530s, when disappointments changed expectations.Melanchthon and Luther recognized that what German princes most liked about the Reformation was appropriating monasteries' lands and silver.That being so, reformers
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