Notice bibliographique
Résumé
With the end of the First World War in November 1918, thousands of airmen and aircraft were suddenly redundant. This, and the fact that the war had revealed possibilities for the use of aircraft far beyond those envisaged by most people in 1914, prompted much talk of a new age of air travel. In the British case, the air seemed to offer a new way of linking the various parts of the empire more closely at a time when it had grown even larger than in pre-war days as mandated territories in Africa, the Middle East, and the Pacific were added to India and the dominions and colonies strewn across the oceans. 1919 and 1920 witnessed an outburst of air shows and daring exploits as the small machines that had been developed for use over the Western Front were recycled for more peaceful uses. Air enthusiasm spread far and wide, and by 1921 successful flights had taken place to Canada, India, South Africa, and Australia. Societies such as the Royal Geographical Society and the Royal Central Asian Society, the forerunner of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs, held meetings at which flying was hailed as the future of exploration. The possibilities seemed endless. Mail would be whisked around the world, allowing the most distant empire builder to feel in instant touch with home, while ‘home’ itself would be much more easily visited in the comfort of an airship or an aeroplane. This proved to be far from the case. Derring-do by ex-military pilots in exmilitary aircraft proved difficult to turn into passengers on seats or, in the case of airships, the cruiser-type lounges that were to be provided in the sky. Funding was difficult in the hard times which followed the end of the war. The high hopes disappeared as company after company went bankrupt. Aviation continued to make its mark, but, as far as official Britain was concerned, it was the Royal Air Force which mattered, not the civilian companies. Yet, much concern was expressed as foreign airlines, including even Lufthansa, the flag carrier of the recently defeated Germany, picked up the passengers to Europe that it was felt by right should be flying British, and the empire routes were pioneered by the Dutch and the French.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,009 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,033 | 0,008 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».