Data and figures for "A half-century of global collaboration in science and the 'Shrinking World'"
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
<p>This package supplements the paper entitled <i>"A half-century of global collaboration in science and the 'Shrinking World'"</i> published in <i>Quantitative Science Studies</i> (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00268">10.1162/qss_a_00268</a>).</p><p>It contains the datasets and figures used in the original paper based on bibliometric data from a broad set of scientific publications (works), including journal articles, preprints and datasets; see the subfolder named "all_works".</p><p>In addition, for reference, it also contains datasets and figures based on bibliometric data from journal articles only; see the subfolder named "journal_only". The bottom-level files in this subfolder are suffixed with '_j' for identification.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Contents and Instructions</strong></p><p>The datasets and figures in this package are based on the data obtained via <a href="https://docs.openalex.org/api/">OpenAlex API</a>. See the original paper for details. The following file and folders are found at the next level of the subfolders named "all_works" or "journal_only".</p><p> </p><p><strong>- nworks_intlrate_master</strong> (.csv file)</p><ul><li>This file contains information on the number of works ('nworks_all') produced in each of the 15 research disciplines ('discipline' and 'disc_ID'; see below) by 18 countries (Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Poland, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, UK and US) ('country' and 'country_code') from 1970 to 2021 ('year'), the number of international collaborative works among them ('nworks_intl'), and the international collaboration rate ('intlrate') calculated from the ratio of the two.</li><li>The 15 disciplines are Artificial Intelligence ('disc_ID' = 1; 'ai'), Quantum Science (2; 'quantum'), Biotechnology (3; 'bio'), Nanotechnology (4; 'nano'), Agricultural Engineering (5; 'agri'), Particle Physics (6; 'particle'), Aerospace Engineering (7; 'aerospace'), Nuclear Engineering (8; 'nuclear'), Marine Engineering (9; 'marine'), Neuroscience (10; 'neuro'), Condensed Matter Physics (11; 'condensed'), Environmental Engineering (12; 'envi'), Earth Science (13; 'earth'), Astronomy (14; 'astro') and Pure Mathematics (15; 'math'). See the original paper for the definitions of these disciplines.</li><li>The figures contained in the folders '[line]_nworks' and '[line]_intlrate' are based on this dataset.</li></ul><p> </p><p><strong> - [line]_nworks</strong> (Folder)</p><ul><li>This folder contains line plots (.pdf/.png) representing the trends in the number of works by discipline and country, corresponding to the left-hand side diagrams of Fig. 1 and Suppl. Fig. S2 in the v1 preprint.</li></ul><p> </p><p><strong>- [line]_intlrate</strong> (Folder)</p><ul><li>This folder contains line plots (.pdf/.png) representing the trends in the international collaboration rate by discipline and country, corresponding to the right-hand side diagrams of Fig. 1 and Suppl. Fig. S2 in the v1 preprint.</li></ul><p> </p><p><strong>- [chord]_bilateral</strong> (Folder)</p><ul><li>This folder contains chord diagrams (.pdf/.png) representing the bilateral collaborative relationships by discipline and period, corresponding to Fig. 2 and Suppl. Fig. S4 in the v1 preprint. The number at the end of the file name indicates the period represented by the diagram; specifically, '1' = 1971–1990, '2' = 1991–2000, '3' = 2001–2010 and '4' = 2011–2020.</li><li>The raw data (.xlsx) to reproduce the contained diagrams are also provided by discipline in the accompanied 'Data' folder. The file named '[list]_nworks_(discipline name).xlsx' shows, for the top 30 countries ('country' and 'country_code') in work production during the period indicated by the sheet name, their work production ('nworks_all'), the number of international collaborative works among them ('nworks_intl'), and the international collaboration rate ('intlrate') calculated from the ratio of the two. The file named '[mat]_bilat_nworks_(discipline name)' shows the number of works produced by each country pair during the period indicated by the sheet name. Country names are abbreviated by two-letter country codes (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2).</li></ul><p> </p><p><strong>- [dend]_hcluster</strong> (Folder)</p><ul><li>This folder contains circularised dendrograms (.pdf/.png) representing the international research collaboration clusters by discipline and period, corresponding to Fig. 3 and Suppl. Fig. S5 in the v1 preprint.</li><li>The raw data (.xlsx) to reproduce the contained diagrams are also provided by discipline in the accompanied 'Data' folder. The file named '[mat]_bilat_dist_(discipline name)' shows the distance between each country pair for the period indicated by the sheet name, calculated based on the formula presented in the original paper. Country names are abbreviated by two-letter country codes (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2).</li></ul>
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,006 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».