A systematic review of diet, nutrition, and medication use among centenarians and near centenarians worldwide
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Centenarians represent a phenomenon of successful aging, yet little is known about their lifestyle and health practices, including diet/nutrition, medication use, and health conditions. A protocol for this systematic review was registered previously (1) . We systematically searched Medline, CINAHL, Scopus, and grey literature from 2000 to 2022, limited to quantitative studies published in English among adults aged 95 years or above. Two reviewers independently screened 3,392 records and identified and extracted data from 34 eligible studies. Additionally, they independently assessed the study quality using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (mNOS) (2) . Any disagreement was discussed and resolved with a third reviewer. In analysis, pooled prevalence was provided for categorical variables on demographics, lifestyles, medications, and diseases using % (95%CI); mean or median was provided for continuous variables. Due to study heterogeneity, we conducted a narrative synthesis for the associations between the exposures and outcomes. Over 70% of the included studies met 6/8 criteria based on the mNOS; nearly half did not mention or control for confounders in statistical analyses. The age ranged from 95-118y (32 studies: 100y+; 2 studies: mean age 97-98 y); the majority were females (75%; 95%CI: 71%,78%). Most centenarians did not smoke or drink [current smokers: 7% (5%, 9%); former smokers:16% (12%, 19%); daily drinkers: 27% (20%, 34%); former drinkers:21% (13%, 30%)]. Most centenarians were physically inactive (23%; 20%, 26%). Over 50% had normal weight (52%; 42%, 61%), 33% (14%, 52%) underweight, and 14% (8%, 20%) overweight. Regarding nutrition, the narrative synthesis suggests that centenarians had normal levels of albumin (3.8g/dL), total triglycerides (111mg/dL), total (188mg/dL), and HDL cholesterol (54mg/dL) but high levels of LDL cholesterol (109mg/dL). Regarding medications, nearly 50% took antihypertensive medications (49%; 14%, 84%) or other cardiovascular drugs (48%; 24%, 71%); they took a median of 5 (range: 2-7) drugs. Common conditions included impairment of basic activities of daily living (ADL) (54%; 33%, 74%), hypertension (43%; 21%, 65%), and diabetes (22%; 9%, 52%). In regression analyses among centenarians, high dietary diversity, lower salt preference, and weight status were significant factors for more independence in basic ADL, lower mortality, and greater longevity. For example, a high dietary diversity score was associated with a low mortality risk [0.93 (0.92, 0.94) per unit increase]; those who preferred salty food versus those who did not had a 3.6-fold risk of impaired ADL [adj.OR: 3.59 (1.14, 11.25)]. Being overweight vs. normal weight reduced the risk of ADL impairment [adj.OR: 0.84 (0.78, 0.91] while underweight increased this risk [adj.OR:1.34 (1.28, 1.41)]. Also, overweight [adj.OR: 0.92 (0.90, 0.94)] or abdominal obesity [adj.OR: 0.72 (0.52, 0.996)] reduced the likelihood of longevity per kg increase. This systematic review suggests a healthy lifestyle, good nutrition, and normal body weight may contribute to extreme longevity. Interpreting these summary findings should be cautious due to potential recall bias and heterogeneity of the included studies.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».