Non-Conventional fuels from thermocatalytic pyrolysis of waste tube rubber using SiO2 as catalyst
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
• Several strategies have been adopted to extend the lifespan of tires, approximately 1.5 billion tires at their end of life are added to the environment every year, generating millions of tons of polymeric wastes, causing serious environmental and disposal issues. • Pyrolysis offers a promising solution to convert waste tires into potential fuels and chemicals. Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis is a well-established process that aims for material, energy or chemical product recovery. The demand and need for the use of materials like scrap tubes and rubbers for producing useful products is a valuable consideration for this kind of waste that in turn may minimize the dependency on natural resources. • In the current study optimization of parameters such as temperature, time and catalyst weight for catalytic pyrolysis of isobutylene-isoprene rubber into liquid fuel in the presence of Silicon Dioxide (SiO 2 ) as catalyst is reported. A maximum rubber conversion into oils was obtained at optimized conditions of 350 °C temperature, 1.5 g of catalyst (SiO 2 ) for an hour heating time. The obtained pyrolyzed products were subjected to several physical and chemical tests. Reported results confirm the presence of 30 % of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 25 % polar hydrocarbons and 40 % aromatic hydrocarbons. The distillation data indicates that oil obtained is a mixture of aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons as that of diesel and may be used as an alternative fuel. Large quantities of used rubber material, mostly from vehicle scrap tires and tube rubbers, are discarded every year, causing environmental problems of great concern and representing a tough challenge for waste management bodies around the world. Various ways to remediate the issues have been proposed and applied from time to time. Pyrolysis offers a promising solution to convert waste tires into potential fuels and chemicals. Thermo-catalytic pyrolysis is a well-established process that aims for material, energy or chemical product recovery. The demand and need for the use of materials like scrap tubes and rubbers for producing useful products is a valuable consideration for this kind of waste that in turn may minimize the dependency on natural resources. Inner tube rubber, which is mainly made of isobutylene-isoprene, poses a hazard to the environment. However, there is also an opportunity to turn this waste product into a valuable energy source. In the current study optimization of parameters such as temperature, time and catalyst weight for catalytic pyrolysis of isobutylene-isoprene rubber into liquid fuel in the presence of Silicon Dioxide (SiO 2 ) as catalyst is reported. A maximum rubber conversion into oils was obtained at optimized conditions of 350 °C temperature, 1.5 g of catalyst (SiO 2 ) for an hour heating time. The obtained pyrolyzed products were subjected to several physical and chemical tests. Reported results confirm the presence of 30 % of aliphatic hydrocarbons, 25 % polar hydrocarbons and 40 % aromatic hydrocarbons. The distillation data indicates that oil obtained is a mixture of aromatic and olefinic hydrocarbons as that of diesel and may be used as an alternative fuel.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle