Anabolic-androgenic Steroid Use in Saudi Arabia and its Impact on Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Systematic Review
Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Objectives: Despite severe side effects, anabolic steroids are widely used to enhance appearance and performance, raising global health concerns as unsupervised use persists. We aimed to assess Anabolic-androgenic Steroid (AAS) prevalence and risk factors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: Systematic Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed to identify articles of interest related to AAS use in Saudi Arabia from the database's inception until August 2024. Following the PRISMA checklist, the following were included in the search: “Anabolic Steroids and Misuse” and “Anabolic Steroids and Saudi Arabia”. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to screen literature and extract data. The Ottawa scale was used for quality evaluation and assessment of nonrandomized studies. We identified 15 articles that reported AAS misuse variables between 2016 and 2024. All studies had a cross-sectional design. We synthesized our results by identifying similarities, highlighting differences between studies and making recommendations based on our findings. Results: Our systematic review revealed that 5303 individuals in Saudi Arabia were reported to have misused AAS based on 15 review articles that have been evaluated in this systematic review. The AAS was predominantly sourced from the internet, friends and gym trainers and the Central Province in Saudi Arabia exhibited the highest instances of AAS misuse. Gym members had a higher prevalence of AAS use. The mean age across the studies ranged from 18 to 49 years. The majority of AAS misusers were males. Most users were either single or not in committed relationships. The prevalence of AAS misuse in Saudi Arabia ranged from 4.7%-32%. The preferred route of AAS administration was oral intake. The most commonly misused AAS types reported in our review were testosterone and deca-durabolin, frequently noted in several studies. Metandienone and oxandrolone have been popular oral AAS choices in multiple studies. The most frequent reports of adverse effects among AAS misusers were liver and kidney damage and psychiatric problems such as depression, breast hypertrophy and hypertension. Sexual dysfunction was reported in 10.6% and 13% of the patients, respectively. Infertility was reported to be 24.5% among users. Conclusion: Our review shows high AAS misuse among Saudi gym members, highlighting the need for public health education and preventive measures, especially for teens.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,007 | 0,018 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle