Prevalence of Impairing Substance Use in Injured Drivers
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Importance: Impaired driving is an important public health issue, but its prevalence is challenging to monitor. Objectives: To report the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis, recreational drugs, and sedating medications in injured Canadian drivers, identify demographic and collision factors associated with drug or alcohol use, and compare the prevalence of drug-involved driving in different parts of Canada. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study prospectively obtained blood samples from injured drivers treated in 15 Canadian trauma centers and measured blood levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; the main impairing compound in cannabis), alcohol, stimulants, opioids, and depressants from January 2019 to June 2023. Data were analyzed from April to May 2024. Exposure: Blood levels of THC, alcohol, stimulants, opioids, and depressants. Main Outcomes and Measures: Demographic and collision details were extracted from medical records. The crude prevalence for each substance class among all injured drivers and in selected subgroups was computed. Logistic regression models identified factors associated with substance use. Results: Of 8328 injured drivers (mean [SD] age, 43 [18] years; median [IQR] age, 40 [28-57] years; 5605 male [67.3%]; 2723 female [32.7%]), 4568 (54.9%) tested positive for an impairing substance and 1798 (21.6%) tested positive for 2 or more substance classes. Depressants, as a class, were detected in 2368 drivers (28.4%). THC was the most commonly detected single substance (1354 drivers [16.3%]), followed by alcohol (1341 drivers [16.1%]). Stimulants (1057 drivers [12.7%]) and opioids (905 drivers [10.9%]) were also detected. Substances were detected less often in drivers aged 75 years or older (195 of 455 drivers [42.9%]) and younger than 19 years (149 of 304 drivers [49.0%]). THC was most common in drivers aged 19 to 24 years, alcohol in drivers aged 19 to 34 years, stimulants in drivers aged 35 to 44 years, opioids in drivers aged 55 to 64 years, and depressants in drivers aged 65 to 74 years. Males had similar prevalence of substance use as females (3141 males [56.0%] vs 1427 females [52.4%]); more males used alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.21-1.92), cannabis (aOR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.48-1.86), and stimulants (aOR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.34-1.75), but males were less likely to have used a depressant (aOR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.47-0.62). Rural drivers were more likely to use alcohol (aOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.29-1.76), stimulants (aOR, 1.32; 95 CI, 1.03-1.70), depressants (aOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.09-1.51), opioids (aOR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08-1.47), any substance (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.20-1.63), or multiple classes of substances (aOR, 1.55; 95 CI, 1.23-1.95). There was substantial geographic variation in the prevalence of substance use in injured drivers. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings suggest that impaired driving is a substantial road safety concern in Canada. Continued monitoring is required to develop targeted interventions and to evaluate the effectiveness of prevention measures.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».