Thermal stability and coking propensity assessment of alternative aviation turbine fuels using a novel experimental methodology
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Aviation jet fuel is an effective cooling medium and it is routinely used in cooling systems on board aircraft; however jet fuel’s heat sink capabilities are limited by its thermal oxidation stability characteristics. When the fuel is heated to higher temperatures, which is referred to as being thermally stressed, liquid phase chemical reactions take place in the fuel that break certain fuel components down and form solid precipitates that are eventually deposited onto the walls of the fuel passages in a process called coking. Coking could be detrimental to the engine operation and jet fuel specifications include an entry for thermal oxidation stability requirements. We conducted experiments to assess the thermal stability of alternative jet fuels using a new thermal stability test rig developed recently. The experimental apparatus consists of a preheating portion and a test section with two different temperatures and residence times mimicking the conditions of the fuel during as it is used as a coolant and as it flows through the injector nozzles. Assessment of the thermal stability of the fuels was done by pressure drop measurements across the heated test section and by a carbon burnoff apparatus. Two conventional and two alternative jet fuels, whose physical and chemical properties had been characterized in detail, were used in the experiments. The experimental data with alternative jet fuels on the new test rig indicated that the rig has the potential to assess thermal stability characteristics of alternative jet fuels. In the carbon burnoff tests, the alcohol-to-jet fuel, BJ1, produced the least amount of coke deposits. BJ2, which is BJ1 blended with 30 % mesitylene, yielded higher deposits than BJ1 but still less than a conventional Jet A fuel, JF1. The results from two methods of coking assessments have some differences, but generally agree qualitatively. Hence the apparatus could be used for assessing the thermal stability of potential alternative aviation turbine fuels. The described methodology can be further fine tuned to be used as a benchmark test apparatus for thermal stability and coking propensity assessment of conventional and alternative aviation turbine fuels, in addition to being a research platform. • Experimental apparatus that can be used as a screening tool for assessing the thermal oxidative stability of sustainable aviation fuels as well conventional jet fuels. • Proof-of-principle experiments with two conventional and two sustainable aviation fuels. • Two different methodologies to evaluate the oxidative thermal stability; a pressure drop based assessment through a test section and a carbon burnoff assessment by oxidizing the coking deposits.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».