Migration and standing variation in vaginal and rectal yeast populations in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
ABSTRACT Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a very common human fungal infection. Most are successfully treated with antifungal drugs, yet ~8% lead to recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Vaginal and rectal populations have been previously found to be closely related in RVVC. Yet the genomic methods used precluded the assessment of fine-scale relationships and the measurement of within-population variation, a fundamental property with evolutionary implications. To address this gap, we isolated 12 vaginal and 12 rectal yeast isolates from four individuals with a history of RVVC. Three individuals had Candida albicans infections , while the fourth had Nakaseomyces glabratus . All isolates were whole-genome sequenced and phenotyped. Isolates were placed into species-level phylogenies composed of isolates from many different countries and contexts, including an updated N. glabratus tree with over 500 isolates. Genotypic and phenotypic analyses were consistent with migration between sites. There was little phenotypic diversity in drug response and no consistent difference between isolates from different sites for invasive growth. Although there are few comparables, C. albicans nucleotide diversity was similar to most commensal oral and rectal populations, while N. glabratus was similar to some bloodstream infections (though higher than others). Single-nucleotide changes drove intra-population genetic differences; only a single loss-of-heterozygosity tract varied among isolates from within one participant. This study provides baseline measurements and describes techniques to quantify within-population diversity in fungal microbes. We highlight a need for comparable studies that use the same sampling effort and analysis methods to understand the interplay between evolutionary factors in shaping fungal microbial communities. IMPORTANCE Vaginal yeast infections are very common, yet we do not understand why some people experience chronic infections when most have a single infection that is successfully treated and cleared. We examined 12 vaginal and 12 rectal yeast isolates from four individuals with a history of recurrent yeast infections (total 96 isolates). Three participants had a Candida albicans infection (the most common causative species), while the fourth had a Nakaseomyces glabratus infection (the second most common and increasingly implicated). We found that vaginal and rectal isolates were closely related genetically, indicating the same population is present at the two sites. Surprisingly, we found that diversity was similar to the yeast populations found at other body sites in healthy people. Our study highlights a critical need for additional studies following the same methods in different contexts to better understand the fungal microbial populations in our bodies.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».