Human Factors Evaluation of New Pictograph-Based Messages for Bilingual Variable Message Signs
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In response to requirements of the French Language Services Act of 1989, the Ontario Ministry of Transportation (MTO) was required to implement bilingual messages on a new generation of Variable Message Signs (VMS). The goal of this study, carried out in collaboration with IBI Group, for MTO, was to develop a pictograph-based solution for bilingual VMS, by means of applying a human factors test and analysis procedure. The first stage of the study involved the development of pictograph concepts using a public consultation process with anglophone and francophone drivers, a jurisdictional scan, and an internal team design charette. In the consultation process, participants were asked to create colour drawings, using symbols and as few words as possible, to describe messages such as traffic congestion, lane blockage, road closure, border delay, and severe winds. The jurisdictional scan explored symbols used by other transportation agencies. Using findings from the public consultation and the jurisdictional scan, the internal team design charette was carried to create design concepts that would be carried forward for comprehension evaluation. In the second stage of the study, ten message sets related to traffic operations (congestion management, blockages and closures), travel time and safety were tested for comprehension using static images of signs shown (in a roadway context) for four seconds on a desktop computer. Each message set included the currently used English message and at least one pictograph-based bilingual alternative. Following the second stage, design decisions were made. Revised and new messages were tested in the third phase. In the third stage of the study nine message sets related to traffic operations (congestion management, blockages, and closures) were tested. Each message set included the currently used English message and one pictograph-based alternative. In addition, eight pictograph-based safety messages were tested for comprehension. The TAC recommended level of comprehension for guide sign messages is 75% (1). Overall, in the final stage of the study, text traffic messages scored 75% or above for 5 of the 7 messages and the pictographic message alternative scored this high for only 2 of the 9 traffic messages. However, even absent any feedback to the participants, there was a clear learning process for these novel graphic messages: by the end of the test, 5 of the 9 pictograph messages had a mean comprehension of 75% or over and 2 messages came very close to this level of comprehension, at 74%. The remaining two messages scored 55 to 58% overall, and improved to 65 to 70% by the end of the test. A statistical comparison showed no significant difference between text and pictograph messages for messages first seen at the end of the test.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,005 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».