PLANNING FOR THE AIRSIDE MOVEMENTS OF PASSENGERS AT AIRPORTS
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The ability to model the behaviour of people in both normal and emergency situations at airports and other major transport hubs is now possible. In these locations there is a need to ensure uncomplicated transitions in normal operation, and rapid evacuation in the event of an emergency. Optimisation of people flow through simulation can provide a more agreeable environment, and more effective fire safety design in large and busy places. Passenger flow optimisation assessments have been undertaken at airport terminals in Hong Kong, Vancouver and Minneapolis and at metros in London, Athens and Copenhagen. For hub improvements or new schemes real time 3D simulations can be prepared in an instantly understandable graphical form, and results interpreted by both non-specialists and designers alike - helping identify natural bottlenecks and preferred exits as well as testing evacuation routes and timings for different emergency scenarios. The representation of the environment allows natural blockages and restrictions such as check in desks, barriers, door-ways, seating, and columns to be modelled as well as escalators and lifts - altering their speed, direction and carrying capacity as desired. lt is also possible to incorporate the simulation of vehicle movement such as the arrival and departure of people movers. Unlimited numbers of people can be simulated at any one time each with their own agenda, movements such as stops to make telephone calls and to wait for buses can be encompassed, and prior knowledge of exit locations will also have a bearing on an individual's behaviour. Once the simulation is started, the crowds will interact in accordance with their pre-set characteristics. Factors affecting behaviour are exactly the same as in reality - bodies moving in opposite directions, blocking access, slowing movements and creating queues. When an emergency is initiated, each person's agenda will be reset for evacuation but still in accordance with their character. It is important to be able to model the change in conditions, for example, in the midst of an evacuation. As well as providing an informative visualisation of people movement, in both normal and emergency conditions, specific outputs include details of flow rates and time to clear individual zones using on-screen counters, graphs of flow rates for paths and locations plus the paths of marker people for use in virtual reality modes. The assessments are validated by comparison with designs based on building code standards, with calculation of evacuation and travel times in compliance with recommended methods such as NFPA and similar codes. However, the advanced visualisation techniques have meant that the user has access to people movement information at a more intuitive level, allowing more direct optimisation of design. For the covering abstract see ITRD E115303.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».