Analysis of Changes in the Potato Leaf Proteome Triggered by Phosphite Reveals Functions Associated with Induced Resistance Against Phytophthora infestans
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Exogenous chemicals can be used to stimulate induced resistance (IR), a process related to increased disease resistance of susceptible plants against a broad range of pathogens. The identification of molecular components related to IR provides an understanding of the mechanisms related to host resistance to pathogens. Environmentally friendly phosphite (Phi)-based fungicides are increasingly used in controlling oomycete pathogens such as Phytophthora infestans, causing late blight of potatoes and other solanaceous crops. Their efficacy was clearly proven by field trials carried out by a group of researchers led by Wang-Pruski. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms responsible for stimulation of IR by Phi-based fungicides have not been fully documented. \nIn this study, 93 differentially regulated proteins (62 up-regulated and 31 down-regulated proteins) in Phi-treated potato leaves were identified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. The majority of these differentially regulated proteins have not been previously reported. Identification of the differentially regulated proteins revealed two major molecular mechanisms related to defense and metabolism for energy generation. Defense mechanisms include the hypersensitive response (HR), reactive oxygen species pathway, salicylic acid-dependent pathway, and antimicrobial activities. Energy generating metabolisms include glycolysis, photosynthesis, and starch degradation. \nFour days post inoculation with P. infestans, the abundance of 16 of the 93 differentially regulated proteins increased significantly in the Phi-treated plants compared with that of the control plants. On the other hand, the abundance of 9 of the 93 differentially regulated proteins was decreased in the Phi-treated plants compared to that of the control plants. The abundance of the remaining 68 differentially regulated proteins was unchanged for both challenged Phi-treated and control plants. This suggests that pre-activation of proteins in Phi-treated sample before infection is essential to increase the levels of host resistance to the pathogen. Many of the 68 differentially regulated proteins that did not change after infection play roles in HR. These proteins include cathepsin B, cysteine protease inhibitors, and proteins involved in reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid pathways. Callose deposition and subcellular changes related to HR were observed in the Phi-treated plants, indicating that Phi-responsive proteins facilitate the activation of HR against the pathogen.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».