Pourquoi ce travail est dans la base
Une base qui oublie comment elle a trouvé un travail ne peut pas être vérifiée. Voici les voies qui ont admis celui-ci.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This chapter describes how the Rail Passenger Service Act of 1970 and the Staggers Rail Act of 1980 marked a dramatic change in the evolution of the Unites States (US) railroad industry. After several decades of regulatory control over virtually every aspect of their economic operations, the federal government allowed rail carriers to abandon passenger service and created the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, which is called Amtrak. The service began operating in 1971. Nearly a decade later, freight operations were substantially deregulated and railroads were given the freedom to establish rates, within broad limits, for the cargo they transported. They were able to abandon unprofitable routes and consolidate with other carriers in a much greater degree than in the past. Demand for rail passenger transportation had been declining form some time and the railroad industry and policymakers believed that this unprofitable service was contributing to rail’s deteriorating financial performance. However, relieving rail of passenger traffic did not significantly improve the bottom line, thus the stakes for freight operations in the policy were huge. Many industry observers feared that if the industry could not substantially increase its rate of return, if faced a real possibility of becoming nationalized. Moreover, if rail freight deregulation failed in the US it was unlikely that any other country would try this experiment. Today, countries such as Canada and, to some extent, Australia have deregulated their rail systems and most other countries are considering it. Apparently, other nations have interpreted the US railroad deregulation experiment as a success. The objective of this chapter is to address the following questions. What aspects of the policy worked and who benefited? What parts were less successful and who was harmed? What further steps can be taken to enhance industry performance under deregulation?
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle