Doratura stylata

Doratura stylata (Boheman, 1847) (Figs 2A; 3A; 4A; 5A–D; 6A–H; 9A; 10A–G; 11A–C; 12A–D; 19A) Athysanus stylata Boheman, 1847: 31 Iassus stylatus: Walker, F., 1851: 891 Jassus stylatus: Dohrn, F., 1859: 87 Jassus (Athysanus) stylatus: Flor, 1861: 273 Doratura stylata: Sahlberg, J., 1871: 292 Doratura stylata var. macroptera Kusnezov, 1928a: 47 Doratura (Doratura) stylata: Emeljanov, 1964: 403 Diagnosis. This species has an almost completely smooth aedeagus (generally, but not always, there are tiny spinules on its medio-ventral area) with a proximal shield like base (Figs 10A–G), geniculate styles (Figs 11A–C) with long apical portion of apophyse and needle-shaped tip, pygofer (Fig. 3A) with generally 3–4 macrosetae, connective (Fig. 2A) with branched part longer than basal portion and rounded bifurcation, and the female pregenital sternite with straight hind margin, in most cases with the median portion slightly protruding caudad (Fig. 19A). In all these characters, the species displays a distinct affinity to D. exilis and D. impudica. From the first species it can be distinguished by its proportionally longer fore wings and in many cases by its different coloration with fore wings with green tinge and different pattern of markings on vertex and pronotum (see below), from the latter by the proportionally shorter hind tibiae, in most cases from both species by its slightly scabrous medio-ventral margin of aedeagus. The nymphs (Fig. 9A) display a dark abdomen with light areas laterally on tergite V and VI (often confluent to a continuous transverse light band) and in the sagittal line of the apex (in D. exilis abdomen with longitudinal dark stripes, in D. impudica without markings) (see Stöckmann et al. 2013). Distribution (Figs 53, 56, 57). In Italy, we found this species at many sites from Friuli-Venezia Giulia until Calabria. We studied material also from Piedmont and Veneto. Remane & Hellrigl (1996) record the species from Alto Adige, Servadei (1973) from Lombardy. Doratura stylata is apparently not present in Sardinia and Sicily. Outside of Italy, D. stylata has a vast distribution in most parts of the Palearctic region (Metcalf, 1967; Nast, 1972, 1987), and is present in the Nearctic region as well (apparently introduced, see Hamilton, 1983). We examined material from Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Montenegro, Romania, Russia (Altai), Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia (a series of specimens collected by O. Schmiedeknecht and published by Melichar, 1899), Turkey, Ukraine, and Canada. In addition, there are records from Algeria (Oshanin, 1906); Belarus (Borodin, 2004); Belgium (Van Stalle, 1989); China: Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shandong, Xinjiang (Duan & Zhang, 2012); Denmark (Ossiannilsson, 1983); Estonia (Söderman et al., 2009); Finland (Ossiannilsson, 1983); Georgia (Dlabola, 1958); Greece (Drosopoulos et al., 1986); Great Britain (Le Quesne, 1969); Hungary (Győrffy et al., 2009); Iran: East Azerbaijan Province (Abdollahi et al., 2015); Kyrgyzstan (Novikov et al., 2006); Latvia (Vilbaste, 1974); Lithuania (Vilbaste, 1974); Luxembourg (Niedringhaus et al., 2010); Netherlands (Reclaire, 1944); Norway (Ossiannilsson, 1983); Poland (Dworakowska, 1968); Portugal (Quartau & Duarte Rodrigues, 1969); Russia: European part (Emeljanov, 1964), Maritime Territory (Vilbaste, 1968), Siberia (Anufriev, 2016); Sweden (Ossiannilsson, 1983); Switzerland (Mühlethaler et al., 2017); Turkey: Anatolia (Kalkandelen, 1974), Black Sea (Zeybekoğlu, 1998); Uzbekistan (Dubovsky, 1965); United States (Hamilton, 1983). Records of D. stylata for “North Africa” by Holgersen (1944), and later by Ossiannilsson (1951) and Ribaut (1952) are apparently based on former records for Tunisia and Algeria (for example Oshanin, 1906). (A generic record like “North Africa” is sometimes documented as if concerning each single country belonging to North Africa, and in consequence the species is recorded for every country from West Sahara to Sudan, even though no records exist for most of these countries). Remarks. Ribaut (1952) indicates as a diagnostic character of D. stylata the “papilleuse” ventral side of the aedeagus (Fig. 10C). Dworakowska (1968) observed a distinct variability in this character. Indeed, in Italy and in Germany, D. stylata specimens with a completely smooth aedeagus are observed (Fig. 10B). We never found, however, a “papilleuse” ventral aedeagus side in D. exilis or D. impudica. Thus, among these three species, the presence of this structure of the aedeagus surface is a sufficient, but not a necessary condition for the identification of a specimen as D. stylata. Ecology. In Italy, our lowest collection sites are at about 250 m in Piedmont and 400 m in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, at 450 m in the Northern Apennines, at 800 m in the Central Apennines and at 1300 m in the Southern Apennines. Most of the localities are at medium and high altitude between 1000–1800 m, sometimes up to more than 2000 m. On the Balkan Peninsula the species is equally distributed from lowland sites until at least 2000 m. The habitats are open areas, in the Northern Apennines also dry riverbeds, but normally moderately dry open pastures and dry to slightly humid meadows. The host plants belong apparently to several genera of fine leaved grasses, for instance Festuca, Agrostis, Poa and Nardus. In particular, Festuca ovina, F. rubra and Agrostis capillaris are recorded (Nickel, 2003). Phenology. We collected this species from the beginning of June until the middle of September; in the literature it is recorded also in May and October (Nickel, 2003). At low altitude, it may have two generations, in mountain regions only one.

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