Funkcjonowanie wiejskich cmentarzy parafii katolickichw dobie przedrozbiorowej na przykładzie dekanatów Nowa Góra, Skała i Proszowice z okolic Krakowa
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The functioning of Catholic country parish cemeteries before the partitions of Poland : illustrated with the deaneries of Nowa Góra, Skała and Proszowice near Cracow The functioning of country cemeteries before the partitions of the Commonwealth is rather poorly researched. The article presents results of a preliminary analysis of data from parish records of funerals, which have proved an excellent source for the topic. The source basis was supplemented with records of bishops’ visitations from the Archives of the Archdiocese Curia in Cracow. The area analyzed, the deaneries of Nowa Góra, Skała and Proszowice comprising 35 parishes, is north of Cracow. The oldest early-Christian skeleton burials in Little Poland come from the turn of the 11th century. As the network of parishes developed in the 13th c., the dead began to be interred in churches and in cemeteries located next to churches. There were also mass graves for epidemic victims on the outskirts of settlements; dissenters were buried in unconsecrated ground (at crossroads, near roadside figures, in wastelands). Churches became burial sites for priests and the nobility, but sometimes also peasants, especially those of the country elite and church attendants. The church cemetery had burial places regarded as honourable (e.g. close to the church entrance) and places for average people. Burial fees differed according to the age of the deceased person, the location of the grave and the season of the year. As burial grounds were limited, remains were periodically exhumed and transferred to a mortuary, which was usually a wooden building next to the cemetery wall. When the mortuary was filled, the bones were reburied in a new mass grave, which was an occasionfor a solemn parish celebration. The cemetery was taken care of by the parishioners; for example they had to maintain the cemetery wall in good order. Gravediggers came from the poorer parishioners. They usually lived close to the church and usually rendered other services to the temple in addition to burying the dead. The parishes in question were unusual in that they quite often had to bury travellers, especially during epidemics or natural catastrophes, which was connected with the closeness of Cracow. At the turn of the 19th century cemeteries began to be moved further from human dwellings.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,004 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,003 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,003 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,010 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».