Isolation of Macrococcus brunensis and Kokuria varians in dogs suffering from chronic conjunctivitis
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Human Microbiome Project launched in 2008 by the National Institutes of Health, revealed a \nremarkably abundant and diverse community of microbial species inhabiting the human body, and the eye \nrepresents an emerging area of research [1] trying to understand possible relations between microbiota \nalterations and pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases [2]. In veterinary medicine, there are only few paper \nfocused on this topic [3,4,5]. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify, by molecular \ntechniques, several bacterial species from the conjunctival microflora in dogs with chronic conjunctivitis. \nFour owned dogs conducted at the UNICAM Veterinary Teaching Hospital for eye examination due to \nchronic and/or relapsing conjunctivitis, were included in the study. All subjects were submitted to complete \nophthalmologic evaluation, including Schirmer Tear test and fluorescein test, slit lamp examination, direct \nophthalmoscopy and tonometry, to rule out other causes of conjunctival disease. The administration of \nsystemic antibiotic in the six months prior the visit was considered as an exclusion criteria. To obtain \nisolated bacterial colonies, conjunctival swabs from seven infected dog eyes were spread onto agar plates \nwith selective and non-selective media. From each isolated colony, the bacterial DNA was extracted using \nBacterial Genomic DNA Isolation kit (Norgen Biotek, Ontario, Canada); the 16S bacterial rRNA gene was \namplified by PCR and purified by Nucleo Spin Extract kit (Macherey-Nagel, Dürham, Germany). Each \npurified DNA sample was prepared and sent to be sequenced by Eurofins MWG Operon (Martinsried, \nGermany). The sequences obtained from each bacterial strain were analyzed using BLAST® (Basic Local \nAlignment Search Tool, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST). Enterococcus faecium, Kocuria varians, Macrococcus \nbrunensis, Staphylococcus aureus and two strains of S. equorum were the six different bacterial strains \nisolated from 3 out of 7 samples (43%). Sensitivity of the isolated bacterial strains to the most frequently \nused antibiotics in veterinary ophthalmology: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, neomycin, and tobramycin \nwas assessed using Kirby-Bauer method. All strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (all patients had \npreviously been treated with it) and sensitive to tobramycin, neomycin, and gentamycin except E. faecium \nthat was sensitive only to tobramycin. To the Authors’ knowledge, this is the first isolation of Macrococcus \nbrunensis and of Kokuria varians from the eyes of dogs suffering from chronic conjunctivitis. They had been \npreviously isolated from animals (e.g. M. brunensis from the skin of llamas [6] and K. varians from the eyes \nof healthy donkeys [7]), but this is the first isolation from dog. Even if the low number of patients and the \nsingle isolates did not allow us to draw conclusion about the involvement of these bacteria in the disease, \nthe isolation of K. varians is particularly relevant because Kokuria spp. is a well-known pathogen in humans, \nespecially in compromised hosts [8].
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».