Isolation of Macrococcus brunensis and Kokuria varians in dogs suffering from chronic conjunctivitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Human Microbiome Project launched in 2008 by the National Institutes of Health, revealed a \nremarkably abundant and diverse community of microbial species inhabiting the human body, and the eye \nrepresents an emerging area of research [1] trying to understand possible relations between microbiota \nalterations and pathogenesis of ophthalmic diseases [2]. In veterinary medicine, there are only few paper \nfocused on this topic [3,4,5]. The aim of the present study was to isolate and identify, by molecular \ntechniques, several bacterial species from the conjunctival microflora in dogs with chronic conjunctivitis. \nFour owned dogs conducted at the UNICAM Veterinary Teaching Hospital for eye examination due to \nchronic and/or relapsing conjunctivitis, were included in the study. All subjects were submitted to complete \nophthalmologic evaluation, including Schirmer Tear test and fluorescein test, slit lamp examination, direct \nophthalmoscopy and tonometry, to rule out other causes of conjunctival disease. The administration of \nsystemic antibiotic in the six months prior the visit was considered as an exclusion criteria. To obtain \nisolated bacterial colonies, conjunctival swabs from seven infected dog eyes were spread onto agar plates \nwith selective and non-selective media. From each isolated colony, the bacterial DNA was extracted using \nBacterial Genomic DNA Isolation kit (Norgen Biotek, Ontario, Canada); the 16S bacterial rRNA gene was \namplified by PCR and purified by Nucleo Spin Extract kit (Macherey-Nagel, Dürham, Germany). Each \npurified DNA sample was prepared and sent to be sequenced by Eurofins MWG Operon (Martinsried, \nGermany). The sequences obtained from each bacterial strain were analyzed using BLAST® (Basic Local \nAlignment Search Tool, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST). Enterococcus faecium, Kocuria varians, Macrococcus \nbrunensis, Staphylococcus aureus and two strains of S. equorum were the six different bacterial strains \nisolated from 3 out of 7 samples (43%). Sensitivity of the isolated bacterial strains to the most frequently \nused antibiotics in veterinary ophthalmology: chloramphenicol, gentamycin, neomycin, and tobramycin \nwas assessed using Kirby-Bauer method. All strains were resistant to chloramphenicol (all patients had \npreviously been treated with it) and sensitive to tobramycin, neomycin, and gentamycin except E. faecium \nthat was sensitive only to tobramycin. To the Authors’ knowledge, this is the first isolation of Macrococcus \nbrunensis and of Kokuria varians from the eyes of dogs suffering from chronic conjunctivitis. They had been \npreviously isolated from animals (e.g. M. brunensis from the skin of llamas [6] and K. varians from the eyes \nof healthy donkeys [7]), but this is the first isolation from dog. Even if the low number of patients and the \nsingle isolates did not allow us to draw conclusion about the involvement of these bacteria in the disease, \nthe isolation of K. varians is particularly relevant because Kokuria spp. is a well-known pathogen in humans, \nespecially in compromised hosts [8].
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".